# controlled

Pronunciation: say "kuhn-TROHLD" US /kənˈtɹoʊld/, UK /kənˈtɹəʊld/

## Verb

1. Simple past and past participle of control. — simple past and past participle of control
   - Simple: Past tense and past participle of control. Use it for the past, or after has, have, had, is, was or were.
   - _Engineers controlled the dam's water levels throughout the flood._
   - _For decades, a single family controlled the region's trade._

## Adjective

2. Subject to regulation, direction, or restraint by some authority or system.
   - Simple: Kept in check by rules or by someone in charge.
   - _Prices for these medicines are strictly controlled by the government._
   - _The museum keeps its oldest manuscripts in a carefully controlled environment._
3. Restrained or reserved in one's words and actions, holding back strong emotion.
   - Simple: Holding back strong feelings so you stay calm and quiet.
   - _Even under fierce questioning, the witness remained controlled and composed._
   - _He gave a controlled reply, careful not to reveal how angry he was._
4. Owned, run, or directed by a particular named person, group, or organization.
   - Simple: Owned or run by a particular person, group, or government.
   - _The newspaper is controlled by a single media family._
   - _Most of the country's oil fields are controlled by the state._
5. Designed with a comparison group, so results can be measured against samples that did not receive the treatment.
   - Simple: Tested by comparing the treated group with a similar group given no treatment.
   - _A randomized controlled trial showed the vaccine cut infections by half._
   - _Researchers ran a controlled experiment to rule out other causes._

## Verb

6. Simple past and past participle of controll, an obsolete spelling of control. *(obsolete)* — simple past and past participle of controll
   - Simple: Simple past and past participle of controll. Controll is an old, nonstandard spelling of control.

Source: DictionaryAI, https://dictionaryai.com/define/controlled (written from Wiktionary data, CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).