dictum

Short definition from Wiktionary

Noun

1. 1
   An authoritative statement; a dogmatic saying; a maxim, an apothegm.
2. 2
   A judicial opinion expressed by judges on points that do not necessarily arise in the case, and are not involved in it.
3. 3
   The report of a judgment made by one of the judges who has given it.
4. 4
   An arbitrament or award.