# excess

Pronunciation: US say "EK-ses" /ˈɛksɛs/; UK say "ik-SES" /ɪkˈsɛs/

## Noun

1. The condition of going beyond a reasonable limit; more than what is needed, proper, or sufficient.
   - Simple: More of something than is needed or right.
   - _Her excess of enthusiasm sometimes overwhelmed her quieter colleagues._
   - _Decades of excess finally caught up with the aging musician._
3. The amount or degree by which one quantity or number is greater than another; the remainder left over.
   - Simple: How much more one amount is than another.
   - _The accountant calculated the excess of assets over liabilities._
   - _Subtracting the smaller figure from the larger gives the excess._
4. An instance of eating or drinking more than is good or sufficient; overindulgence in food or drink.
   - Simple: Eating or drinking much more than you need.
   - _Festive excess over the long weekend left many guests regretting the extra helpings._
   - _The doctor warned that habitual excess at the dinner table strains the liver._
5. The portion of an insurance claim that the policyholder must pay, with the insurer covering the remainder. *(British)*
   - Simple: The part of an insurance claim that you must pay yourself.
   - _The policy carried a £500 excess on all accidental damage claims._
   - _Drivers who agree to a voluntary excess often see cheaper premiums._
7. The amount by which the sum of the three angles of a triangle drawn on a sphere exceeds two right angles, proportional to the triangle's area.
   - Simple: The amount by which a triangle drawn on a sphere has angles adding up to more than a flat one.
   - _Surveyors account for the excess when measuring large triangles across the curved Earth._
   - _Calculating the excess lets navigators correct angle sums taken on a globe._

## Adjective

2. Designating an amount that goes beyond what is normal, necessary, or specifically required.
   - Simple: Being more than what is needed, normal, or asked for.
   - _Airlines charge steep fees for excess baggage on international flights._
   - _The recipe says to drain any excess liquid before serving._

## Verb

6. To officially declare an employee surplus to requirements, so that the person may no longer be assigned work. *(US)*
   - Simple: To tell a worker that their job is no longer needed.
   - _The school board voted to excess a dozen staff before the new term._
   - _The principal excessed two aides when enrollment dropped sharply._

## Origin

From Middle English exces ("excess, ecstasy"), from Old French exces, from Latin excessus ("a going out, loss of self-possession"), which came from excedere "to go out, go beyond."

Source: DictionaryAI, https://dictionaryai.com/define/excess (written from Wiktionary data, CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).