fragmentation

Short definition from Wiktionary

Noun

1. 1
   The act of fragmenting or something fragmented; disintegration.
2. 2
   The process by which fragments of an exploding bomb scatter.
3. 3
   The breaking up and dispersal of a file into non-contiguous areas of a disk.
4. 4
   The breaking up of a data packet when larger than the transmission unit of a network.
5. 5
   A form of asexual reproduction or cloning where an organism splits into one or more pieces. Those pieces then become new individuals.