mineralization

Short definition from Wiktionary

Noun

1. 1
   A form of fossilization in which the organic parts of an organism are replaced by minerals.
2. 2
   The breakdown of organic matter in the soil to form soluble inorganic compounds.
3. 3
   The deposition of calcium salts as a normal process in bone metabolism.
4. 4
   The deposition of calcium salts in abnormal parts of the skeleton.
5. 5
   The addition of minerals to water to make a mineral water.