# over

Pronunciation: US say "OH-vur" /ˈoʊ.vɚ/; UK/AUS say "OH-vuh" /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/

## Preposition

1. More than, beyond, or exceeding a stated value or limit.
   - Simple: More than a certain number, amount or limit.
   - _The bill came to just over fifty dollars._
   - _Children over twelve pay the full fare._
2. During or throughout a period of time, or while doing something such as having a meal or drink.
   - Simple: During a time, or while doing something, as in over the summer or over dinner.
   - _Prices rose steadily over the decade._
   - _Over the winter the roof began to leak._
4. Above, higher than, or further up than, without contact.
   - Simple: Above something, higher than it, without touching.
   - _A lamp hung over the table._
   - _A helicopter hovered over the stadium during the match._
5. Across something, passing above it or reaching from one side of it to the other.
   - Simple: Across something, from one side to the other, often by going above it.
   - _The plane came in low over the rooftops._
   - _From the tower you can see over the whole valley._
6. Through or around every part of, as on a tour or in a check.
   - Simple: Through or around every part of something, as in 'show someone over the house'.
   - _The inspector went over the building room by room._
   - _The detectives went over every inch of the car looking for clues._
8. Concerning, about, or on the subject of, especially in a dispute.
   - Simple: About something, especially in an argument.
   - _The neighbors quarreled over the fence for years._
   - _Talks over the contract broke down._
9. On top of and covering something, in contact or nearly so, literally or figuratively.
   - Simple: On top of something so that it is covered.
   - _She pulled the blanket over the sleeping child._
   - _A hush fell over the room._
10. Above someone as the winner, or in spite of something.
   - Simple: Beating someone, or in spite of something.
   - _Her advantage over the field was clear by the last lap._
   - _The film won best picture over several bigger studio releases._
11. Indicating power, authority, or higher status.
   - Simple: In a position of power or control above someone.
   - _The court has jurisdiction over the whole state._
   - _Nobody has power over the weather._
14. In preference to, or to a greater degree than.
   - Simple: Rather than or more than something else, when you choose.
   - _Voters favored experience over novelty._
   - _She was chosen over three other candidates._
16. Through or by means of a medium that carries sound or signals.
   - Simple: By way of a radio, loudspeaker, or phone line.
   - _The news came over the wire at midnight._
   - _She sang the whole song over the intercom._
17. Used to give the cause of something; because of or as a result of.
   - Simple: Because of something. It tells why something happened.
   - _Three players were suspended over the brawl in the parking lot._
   - _The company recalled thousands of cars over a brake defect._
20. Compared with, in certain set phrases.
   - Simple: When measured against something else, in a few fixed phrases.
   - _Online sales grew 12 percent year over year._
   - _Attendance was up a third over the previous festival._
22. Past and done with; having recovered from or got beyond something.
   - Simple: No longer affected by a problem or illness you had.
   - _He's still not over losing the final._
   - _Once we were over the worst, the rest was easy._
29. On the far side of something, as seen from here.
   - Simple: On the other side of a road, hill, or river.
   - _Her family is over the water in Ireland._
   - _The best beaches are over the headland._
30. Divided by, especially when reading a fraction or a ratio aloud.
   - Simple: Divided by, as when you say a fraction such as one over two.
   - _Average speed equals distance over time._
   - _Nine over three simplifies to three._

## Adjective

3. Finished or at an end; concluded.
   - Simple: Finished, with nothing more still to happen.
   - _By the time I arrived the meeting was over._
   - _Summer is over and the nights are drawing in._
23. Visiting someone at their home or at another place. *(colloquial)*
   - Simple: Visiting someone's house or another place for a while.
   - _I can't really talk now; my in-laws are over until Sunday._
   - _Grandma was over for dinner when the power went out._
25. Remaining as a surplus beyond what is required.
   - Simple: Extra, or more than is needed.
   - _After every guest had a plate, there were still a dozen slices over._
   - _Deal the cards evenly, and give any left over to the dealer._
32. Having got past an obstacle, safely across or beyond it.
   - Simple: Safely past or across something that was in the way.
   - _The climbers were over by noon and resting on the far side._
   - _Once the truck was over, the bridge was closed._

## Adverb

7. Expressing a change, rather than a physical movement, from one position, state, or side across to another.
   - Simple: Used to show a change from one side, state, or choice to another.
   - _When he retired, he handed the business over to his son._
   - _Many voters crossed over to the other party in the last election._
12. Away from the speaker, to or at a place some distance off on the same level.
   - Simple: In or to a place a little way from here.
   - _The keys are over by the door._
   - _Let's grab that empty table over in the corner._
13. Usually after do, again or once more, from the beginning. *(US)*
   - Simple: Once more from the start, often after 'do'.
   - _The recording was ruined, so we did it over._
   - _The first coat of paint was patchy, so I did the wall over._
15. To a high or excessive degree, often as the first element of a compound.
   - Simple: Very much or too much, often used before another word.
   - _The hotel was clean and cheap, though the staff were not over friendly._
   - _I wasn't over impressed with the new menu._
18. Thoroughly, from beginning to end, used with verbs of considering or examining.
   - Simple: Carefully from start to finish, used with verbs like 'think' or 'talk'.
   - _Read the contract over before you sign._
   - _The mechanic checked the car over twice._
19. So as to turn upside down or onto the other side, by rotation.
   - Simple: So that the other side faces up.
   - _Turn the pancake over when bubbles appear._
   - _The boat rolled over in the swell._
21. Across a space, from one place or side to another.
   - Simple: From one place or side to another, across a space.
   - _Push the plates over so I can sit down._
   - _She walked over to the window and opened it._
24. On top, so as to cover something.
   - Simple: So that something is covered.
   - _The old sign had been papered over._
   - _By dawn the road had frozen over._
26. From an upright position to a horizontal one, by falling or being tipped.
   - Simple: From standing up to lying flat, by falling or being knocked.
   - _The toddler fell over on the grass and laughed._
   - _A gust knocked the sign over._
27. So as to bend or fold toward or onto itself.
   - Simple: So that something bends or folds back toward or onto itself.
   - _Turn the edge of the fabric over before you sew the hem._
   - _By August, the corn leaves had curled over in the heat._
31. Passing above, across the sky or overhead.
   - Simple: Passing high above you in the sky.
   - _Wait until the plane has gone over, then talk._
   - _A hawk passed over, its shadow sliding across the lawn._
34. Past the point or amount that is correct or expected.
   - Simple: More than the right or expected amount, often of time or money.
   - _The surgery ran an hour over, and the next patient had to wait._
   - _Our team went three thousand dollars over on the conference costs._
35. Throughout the night, typically of staying or sleeping at a place until the next day.
   - Simple: For the whole night, until the next morning.
   - _The party ran late, and a few guests ended up staying over on the couch._
   - _For her birthday, her parents let three friends sleep over._
36. Added after a stated number of times for emphasis, reinforcing that something really was done that many times.
   - Simple: Used after a number of times to stress that something happened that many times.
   - _He rehearsed the speech a dozen times over, yet his voice still shook at the podium._
   - _The witness repeated her account four times over without changing a single detail._

## Interjection

28. In radio procedure, a word ending a transmission and inviting the other station to reply.
   - Simple: Said on a radio to show you have finished speaking and expect a reply.
   - _Request permission to land, over._
   - _Copy that, moving to your position, over._

## Noun

33. In cricket, a set of six legal deliveries bowled by one bowler from one end, after which play switches ends.
   - Simple: In cricket, a set of six balls bowled from one end.
   - _She bowled a maiden over, six balls without a run._
   - _Needing nine runs from the final two overs, the home side kept its nerve and won with a ball to spare._

## Other meanings

- (adjective) Of a flower, drooping or drying out, past its best.
- (adjective) Beyond saving or past any chance of recovery.
- (adjective) Having more than enough of some particular quality or thing.
- (adjective) In professional wrestling, of a performer, getting a strong response from the crowd.
- (adverb) Rising on the near side of something, crossing the top, and descending on the far side, as in 'climb over.'
- (adverb) Across an edge or rim and then downward, as when a liquid spills.
- (adverb) So that two things trade places or are turned the other way around.
- (adverb) Into a later time, as when something is held or carried forward.
- (noun) An extra quantity of money or goods beyond what was expected or ordered.
- (noun) Something that has more of some quality than is wanted or needed.
- (noun) A wager that a game statistic, such as the total points scored, will come in higher than a set figure.
- (preposition) At or close to a place thought of as lying some way across from where the speaker is, as in 'over the other side of town.'
- (preposition) From one side of a barrier to the other by going up and then down, as in climbing a wall.
- (preposition) Passing across something and continuing downward, as in 'tripped over a root' or 'went over the cliff.'
- (preposition) In poker, used between the rank of the three matching cards and the rank of the pair when naming a full house, as in "kings over fours."
- (preposition) In music, used between the main chord and the bass note when naming a slash chord, as in "C over E."
- (interjection) Written at the foot of a page to tell the reader to turn it and keep reading on the back.
- (interjection) Short for "over the left shoulder," said to show that one does not believe what was just said.
- (verb) To jump across or pass over something.
- (verb) To run around from place to place.
- (noun) The edge of land beside water, such as a riverbank or seashore.

## Origin

This word comes from Middle English 'over', from Old English 'ofer', going back to Proto-Germanic '*uber' and Proto-Indo-European '*upér'. It is related to Latin 'super' and Ancient Greek 'hupér', and is a doublet of 'uber', 'super', and 'hyper'.

Source: DictionaryAI, https://dictionaryai.com/define/over (written from Wiktionary data, CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).