Republic of China

Short definition from Wiktionary

Proper noun

1. 1
   Official name of Taiwan: a partly-recognized country in East Asia; the rump state left over from the Republic of China on the mainland after 1949.
2. 2
   Former official name of China: the noncommunist country in East Asia that controlled mainland China from 1912 to 1949, which succeeded the Qing dynasty and preceded the People's Republic of China.