# sad

Pronunciation: US say "SAD" /sæd/; UK

## Adjective

1. Feeling or showing sorrow or unhappiness.
   - Simple: Feeling unhappy, or looking unhappy.
   - _He remained sad for weeks following his grandmother's funeral._
   - _Many travelers felt sad when they left the village they had grown to love._
2. Causing sorrow or distress; deeply regrettable.
   - Simple: Making people feel unhappy and bringing them sorrow.
   - _The film tells the sad story of a family torn apart by war._
   - _It was a sad sight to see the grand old house left in ruins._
3. Poor in quality or extent; deplorable, or in later use merely regrettable and inadequate.
   - Simple: Very poor in quality, or so bad that it is almost embarrassing.
   - _The limp, cold sandwich they served was a sad excuse for lunch._
   - _The building had fallen into a sad condition before anyone noticed._
4. Unfashionable or socially inadequate; pathetic. *(slang)*
   - Simple: Uncool, unfashionable or pathetic, often because of what someone does or likes.
   - _It's a bit sad to keep texting someone who never replies._
   - _He realized how sad his constant name-dropping must have looked._
6. Of a color, dark and deep, or in later use somber and dull.
   - Simple: Describes a color that is dark and dull rather than bright.
   - _The portrait was dominated by sad browns and muted ochres._
   - _He preferred sad, earthy tones over anything vivid._
7. Of pastry or bread, soggy and heavy from failing to rise or bake properly. *(dialectal)*
   - Simple: Describes bread or cake that is heavy and wet because it did not rise or bake well.
   - _The scones turned out sad, their centers damp and dense._
   - _The oven was too cool, so the loaf never rose and came out sad and doughy in the middle._

## Interjection

5. Used as an exclamation of contempt, ridicule, or disgust. *(slang)*
   - Simple: Said to show that you feel scorn, dislike, or disgust.
   - _Sad! He actually expected applause for that._
   - _Another broken promise from them? Sad._

## Verb

8. To cause (someone) to feel sorrow or melancholy; to grieve another. *(archaic)*
   - Simple: To make someone feel unhappy or full of sorrow.

## Adjective

9. Naughty or troublesome; wicked in conduct. *(obsolete)*
   - Simple: Behaving in a bad, naughty way.
10. Heavy and weighty; ponderous, dense, close, or hard. *(obsolete)*
   - Simple: Heavy, solid and tightly packed, or hard.
11. Dignified and serious; grave in manner. *(obsolete)*
   - Simple: Serious and calm rather than playful or silly.
12. Sated; having had one's fill, and so satisfied or weary. *(obsolete)*
   - Simple: Having eaten or had enough, and feeling full or tired.
13. Steadfast and valiant; firm in courage. *(obsolete)*
   - Simple: Brave and not giving up easily.

## Origin

**Meanings 1–4, 6–13** — Old English sæd ("satisfied, full, sated, weary") became Middle English sad. It goes back to Proto-Germanic *sadaz ("sated, satisfied") and, before that, to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to satiate." Dutch zat and German satt are related.
**Meaning 5** — Donald Trump often used sad as an interjection in his tweets, in the sense "shameful, deplorable." This Trumpism grew out of that habit.

Source: DictionaryAI, https://dictionaryai.com/define/sad (written from Wiktionary data, CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).