self-recognition

Short definition from Wiktionary

Noun

1. 1
   The experience of one's own life, personality, etc.; recognition of oneself as a full-bodied individual.
2. 2
   A recognition made chiefly by oneself; an understanding reached by one's own thought and reflection.
3. 3
   The process by which the immune system distinguishes the body's own cells, DNA, etc. and those of a foreign, possibly pathogenic, agent.