typology

Short definition from Wiktionary

Noun

1. 1
   The study of symbolic representation, especially of the origin and meaning of Scripture types.
2. 2
   The systematic classification of the types of something according to their common characteristics.
3. 3
   The result of the classification of things according to their characteristics.
4. 4
   Classification of languages according to their linguistic trait (as opposed to ancestrality like Romance languages).
5. 5
   The doctrine of Scripture types or figures.