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it

IT/ɪt/

20 meanings of it

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  1. 1
    thing mentionedpronoun
    Used to refer to a thing, idea, or animal, or to a baby or young child, especially one whose sex is unknown.

    The proposal looked good on paper, but the board rejected it within minutes.

    The old oak had stood for two centuries before a storm finally brought it down.

    UsageThe possessive is its, with no apostrophe: its tail (not incorrect: it's tail). It's means it is or it has.

  2. 2
    idea comes laterpronoun
    Used as a placeholder subject, or less often object, when the real subject or object comes later, commonly as a to-infinitive, an -ing form, or a clause beginning with that or whether.

    It surprised everyone that the youngest candidate won.

    She found it hard to admit that she had been wrong.

    UsageEnglish needs the it: it is hard to say (not incorrect: is hard to say); also after find: find it odd that.

    Note

    Linguists call this anticipatory it, or more formally an expletive. Unlike the it of time and weather, it points to something real, a subject waiting at the end of the sentence, where English likes heavy material: to read a face is hard becomes it is hard to read a face.

    Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts

    • The placeholder for a delayed subject or object is called anticipatory it. en.wiktionary.org
    • It in extraposition constructions is also classified as an expletive. en.wikipedia.org
    • Anticipatory it points forward to a later notional subject; the reference to ‘something real’ here means that subject, rather than a real-world entity. hf.uio.no
  3. 3
    time or weatherpronoun
    Used without referring to anything, as the subject of a verb or statement that has no real subject, as when giving the time or describing the weather.

    It gets dark early here in December.

    It was strangely quiet in the house after the guests left.

    UsageStandard English needs this subject: it's raining, it's 10:45. Casual speech sometimes drops it: looks like rain.

    Note

    Grammarians call it dummy it or weather it: English wants a subject even when nothing performs the action, and this it fills the slot for time, weather and mood, as in it's 10:45 or it's lonely without you. Because it stands for nothing, no noun can replace it, and what is raining? has no answer.

    Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact

    • Grammarians use the terms dummy it and weather it. awelu.lu.se
  4. 4
    fixed phrasespronoun
    Used in many short idioms and fixed expressions, referring to nothing specific or only to something the situation implies.

    Doctors told him to take it easy for a few days after the surgery.

    They lived it up in Las Vegas on the money she won.

    UsageLearn each as a fixed phrase (take it easy, live it up, stick it out); the it stays in its place.

    Note

    These idioms pair a verb, often with a particle, with an it that answers to nothing: rough it, live it up, stick it out, take it easy.

Practice

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Origin

Proto-Indo-European *ḱe- or *ḱey- ("this, here") gave Proto-Germanic *hit ("this, this one") and then Old English hit, meaning "it." In Middle English it appeared as both it and hit. Dutch het and Low German it are relatives, and Latin hic ("this") is a more distant one.

Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 5 facts

  • Proto-Indo-European *ḱe- or *ḱey-, meaning "this, here", gave Proto-Germanic *hit, meaning "this, this one", and subsequently Old English hit, meaning "it". en.wiktionary.org
  • Middle English had both it and hit. en.wiktionary.org
  • Dutch het is a cognate of English it. en.wiktionary.org
  • Low German it is related to English it through Proto-Germanic *hit. en.wiktionary.org
  • Latin hic means "this" and is related through the shared Proto-Indo-European element *ḱe. en.wiktionary.org