it
- 1Used to refer to a thing, idea, or animal, or to a baby or young child, especially one whose sex is unknown.
The proposal looked good on paper, but the board rejected it within minutes.
The old oak had stood for two centuries before a storm finally brought it down.
UsageThe possessive is its, with no apostrophe: its tail (not
incorrect: it's tail). It's means it is or it has. - 2Used as a placeholder subject, or less often object, when the real subject or object comes later, commonly as a to-infinitive, an -ing form, or a clause beginning with that or whether.
It surprised everyone that the youngest candidate won.
She found it hard to admit that she had been wrong.
UsageEnglish needs the it: it is hard to say (not
incorrect: is hard to say); also after find: find it odd that.Note
Linguists call this anticipatory it, or more formally an expletive. Unlike the it of time and weather, it points to something real, a subject waiting at the end of the sentence, where English likes heavy material: to read a face is hard becomes it is hard to read a face.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- The placeholder for a delayed subject or object is called anticipatory it. en.wiktionary.org
- It in extraposition constructions is also classified as an expletive. en.wikipedia.org
- Anticipatory it points forward to a later notional subject; the reference to ‘something real’ here means that subject, rather than a real-world entity. hf.uio.no
- 3Used without referring to anything, as the subject of a verb or statement that has no real subject, as when giving the time or describing the weather.
It gets dark early here in December.
It was strangely quiet in the house after the guests left.
UsageStandard English needs this subject: it's raining, it's 10:45. Casual speech sometimes drops it: looks like rain.
Note
Grammarians call it dummy it or weather it: English wants a subject even when nothing performs the action, and this it fills the slot for time, weather and mood, as in it's 10:45 or it's lonely without you. Because it stands for nothing, no noun can replace it, and what is raining? has no answer.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Grammarians use the terms dummy it and weather it. awelu.lu.se
- 4Used in many short idioms and fixed expressions, referring to nothing specific or only to something the situation implies.
Doctors told him to take it easy for a few days after the surgery.
They lived it up in Las Vegas on the money she won.
UsageLearn each as a fixed phrase (take it easy, live it up, stick it out); the it stays in its place.
Note
These idioms pair a verb, often with a particle, with an it that answers to nothing: rough it, live it up, stick it out, take it easy.
Less common meanings
- 5Used to refer to a person who is being identified, often on the phone, as when saying who is calling or asking who someone was.
When the phone rang at midnight, I knew it was my brother before I even picked up.
The voice on the intercom said, “It's Maria from upstairs.”
UsageEveryday speech follows it with me, her, him: it's me. It is I sounds very formal.
- 6Used to mean everything there is, or the end of something, with nothing more to follow.
We waited three hours for the band, and they played four songs. That was it.
I packed two shirts, a toothbrush and a paperback, and that was it.
UsageMostly that's it or is this it?; said sharply, that's it means patience has run out.
- 7In the playground game of tag, the player who chases the others and tries to catch one of them.
Whoever is it has to count to twenty before chasing anyone.
Maya was it for most of recess because she couldn't catch anyone.
UsageAfter be: you're it, who's it?
Note
Writers often capitalize it or set it in quotation marks to mark that role, and a game with several chasers has several Its. The role carries over to hiding games too: in hi-spy, the seeker hunting for the hiders was "it".
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- In hi-spy, the player seeking the hidden players was called “it”. en.wikisource.org
- 8Used, especially after have or got, to mean a special quality that makes someone stand out, such as talent, success, star quality or sex appeal.
The veteran pitcher struck out the side in the ninth, proving he still has it.
Plenty of bands can play, but this one has it, and the crowd wouldn't let them leave.
Note
The proud reply to still got it, never lost it, shows the other side, where losing it means losing the gift, not one's temper. Long used as a word for sex appeal, it can also mean any knack at all, from pitching to songwriting.
Checked 3 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- The exchange ‘Still got it’ / ‘Never lost it’ is attested as a reference to retained ability. en.wiktionary.org
- ‘It’ has a long history as a term for sex appeal. silentfilm.org
- 9Used, especially in do it, to refer to sexual intercourse or other sexual activity that is implied rather than named.
Researchers asked couples how often they did it and how satisfied they felt.
The sitcom's running joke is that the neighbors can hear them doing it through the wall.
UsageMostly in do it, so context decides which meaning is intended.
Note
Nothing is named, so the phrase works as a polite cover in speech, and in print it is sometimes set in quotation marks, as in does 'it' face to face, to wink at what is left unsaid.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- The printed example uses quotation marks around it in a reference to sexual intercourse. en.wiktionary.org
- 10Most fashionable, popular, or in vogue at a given time; used before a noun.
She went from unknown model to the season's it girl in a matter of months.
Every few years the fashion press crowns a new it bag, and the waiting lists begin.
UsageWritten in several styles: an it girl, the It bag, the 'it' shoe.
Similarhot, trendy, fashionable
Note
Print cannot decide how to mark it: It Girl with capitals, the 'it' bag in quotation marks, a plain it shoe, or a hyphenated 'it'-novelist.
- 11The children's game of tag, in which one player chases the others and tries to catch one of them.
We used to play it at breaktime, and whoever was caught had to do the chasing next.
The PE teacher let the Year 3s finish with a game of it, chasing each other round the field.
UsageChildren play it or a game of it; tag is the more widely used name.
Note
In British playgrounds the game shares its name with the chaser: children play it, and one of them is it. Because the game's name is the pronoun, it hides easily in a sentence like let's play it at breaktime, which only context separates from any other it.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- In British English, the game of tag is also called it. en.wiktionary.org
- The player who chases the others is it. en.wikipedia.org
- 12Used to refer to a transgender or non-binary person, chiefly in a derogatory and offensive way.
UsageUse the pronoun the person uses, such as she, he, or they.
Note
When it is applied to someone who has not chosen it, the pronoun denies the person a he or a she and lands as an insult. A few people do choose it for themselves, and writers who respect that choice use it and its for them, usually noting the preference first. Bruce Coville's Aliens Ate My Homework gives it to a creature that is neither male nor female.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- Bruce Coville wrote Aliens Ate My Homework. en.wikipedia.org
- The book uses it for a creature that identifies itself as neither male nor female. en.wiktionary.org
- 13Used to refer to an unspecified person, such as each human being or every individual in a general statement.
She had never seen that each human being was different, would react differently, had its own peculiar idiosyncrasies.
1959, Agatha Christie, Ordeal by InnocenceNote
Phrases like each human being or each man and each woman can take this pronoun when a person is meant in the abstract rather than as anyone in particular: Virginia Woolf's Orlando (1928) gives each man and each woman another allotted to it, and Agatha Christie writes of each human being having its own idiosyncrasies. The use remains rare.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 3 facts
- Virginia Woolf wrote Orlando, first published in 1928. smith.edu
- Orlando uses it to refer to each man and each woman in the passage about an allotted partner. fadedpage.com
- Agatha Christie wrote of each human being having its own idiosyncrasies. en.wiktionary.org
- 14Someone or something regarded as neither a he nor a she: a mere creature, or a person treated as less than human.
Years of neglect had taught the boy that he was an it in his own home, noticed only when he was in the way.
In the horror film, the thing in the cellar is simply an it, neither man nor beast.
Note
The noun pairs with a he and a she: an it is what is left when both are denied, a thing rather than a person. It often appears in quotation marks, an 'it', to show the label is someone else's, and it can be cold or comic: in Bulldog Drummond the perfect secretary is an it, an automatic machine.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 1 fact
- In Bulldog Drummond, the perfect secretary is described as an it and an automatic machine; Hugh Drummond says this to James Denny. gutenberg.net.au
- 15Of or belonging to it; used before a noun where modern English uses its.
That which groweth of it owne accord of thy haruest, thou ſhalt not reape, neither gather the grapes of thy Uine vndreſſed: for it is a yeere of reſt vnto the land.
1611, The Holy Bible, King James VersionNote
The King James Bible of 1611 forbids reaping "that which groweth of it owne accord", a phrase modern English writes as of its own accord. The bare possessive is obsolete, so in new writing it reads as a slip for its; in older texts it is correct as printed, and anyone reproducing them should leave it alone rather than correct it.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- The King James Bible was first published in 1611. loc.gov
- The 1611 text forbids reaping what grows of its own accord and contains the quoted wording. en.wiktionary.org
- The corresponding wording with its own accord appears in modernized Bible texts. en.wikisource.org
- Bare possessive it is an attested historical form meaning its. en.wiktionary.org
- 16Used affectionately to refer to a person, typically the one being spoken to, in fond exclamations.
WILLIAM: You don't like me better? CLARA: Indeed I do. WILLIAM (laughing): Well, what a dear girl it is. CLARA (flinging her arms around his neck with suddenly disclosed passion): Oh, I do love you!
1905, The Harvard Monthly, volumes 39-40Note
This use typically appears in one fond exclamation: what a … it is!, said to the person in front of you instead of you are, as in what a puss it is! or what a dear girl it is! Writers of the 1890s and 1900s gave it to lovers and teasing friends. Long obsolete, it would likely be heard today as a slight rather than a caress.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- “What a puss it is!” occurs as an affectionate exclamation addressed to another person. en.wiktionary.org
- “What a dear girl it is!” occurs in affectionate dialogue between lovers. en.wiktionary.org
- Writers used the construction for teasing friends in the 1890s. gutenberg.org
- The construction appears in lovers’ dialogue from the 1900s. en.wiktionary.org
- 17Used to mean that which or what, with the relative pronoun after it left unstated.
Note
Here it does the work of it which, or what: Thomas Browne writes surely this is it we call happiness, where a modern writer puts this is what we call happiness. English still drops the relative after a noun, as in the thing we call happiness, but after it the habit has died, and a modern sentence built this way reads as a slip.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- Historically, “it” could mean “that which” or “what”, with an understood relative pronoun. en.wiktionary.org
- Thomas Browne wrote “surely this is it we call happiness”. gutenberg.org
- 18Used as the subject of a form of be, followed by a that or who clause, to single out one part of a statement for emphasis.
It was in Chicago that the two founders first met.
It is her patience, not her talent, that makes her such a good teacher.
UsageIt is or it was + the focus + that or who; the verb stays singular: it is the twins who are late.
Note
The pattern turns one plain statement into two clauses, and whatever sits between it is and that or who gets the stress. Remove those words and the plain sentence returns: It was Ana who won becomes Ana won. With the placeholder it, nothing is singled out: in It is clear that she won, the clause is the subject.
- 19Something right, good or fitting for the situation at hand, used mainly in negative statements.
The designer stared at the third draft of the logo and sighed: still not it.
Wearing socks with sandals to a wedding? Sorry, that's not it.
UsageOften after this or that: this isn't it, and the slangy this ain't it.
- 20In psychoanalysis, the id: the unconscious, instinctive part of the mind, a term from Georg Groddeck taken up by Freud.
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origin
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe- or *ḱey- ("this, here") gave Proto-Germanic *hit ("this, this one") and then Old English hit, meaning "it." In Middle English it appeared as both it and hit. Dutch het and Low German it are relatives, and Latin hic ("this") is a more distant one.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 5 facts
- Proto-Indo-European *ḱe- or *ḱey-, meaning "this, here", gave Proto-Germanic *hit, meaning "this, this one", and subsequently Old English hit, meaning "it". en.wiktionary.org
- Middle English had both it and hit. en.wiktionary.org
- Dutch het is a cognate of English it. en.wiktionary.org
- Low German it is related to English it through Proto-Germanic *hit. en.wiktionary.org
- Latin hic means "this" and is related through the shared Proto-Indo-European element *ḱe. en.wiktionary.org