likewise
- 1In a similar manner; in the same way as something else does.
The senior diplomat bowed, and the visiting envoys responded likewise.
He tidied his side of the room and expected his roommate to act likewise.
Similarsimilarly
Oppositedifferently
Note
Here the word keeps its oldest meaning. Middle English in lik wise meant "in like wise," where wise meant "manner." The same element survives in otherwise. So this sense naturally follows a verb and tells how something was done: act likewise, responded likewise. When it opens a clause and is set off by a comma, it shades toward the additive "also" meaning.
- 2Used as a reply to express that the same sentiment applies in return; the same to you.
"It's a real pleasure to meet you," she said, and he answered, "Likewise."
"Wishing you all the best in the new role." "Likewise, and thank you."
Note
A one-word reply that hands a remark back to the speaker. It returns more than compliments. After "Let me know if you need any help," Likewise returns the offer itself. It can stand alone or take a name, as in Likewise, Mr Thompson. It fits the polite exchanges of introductions and goodbyes, where it saves repeating the whole sentence.
- 3Also; in addition; moreover, used to add a further point or item.
The CEO resigned in protest, and several directors likewise stepped down.
The northern route was blocked by snow, and the southern pass was likewise impassable.
Note
A connector more than a describer: it adds an item to what has already been said, much as also or moreover would. It can stand in for a whole clause, as in Margaret enjoys playing tennis on Saturdays, Jeremy likewise. O. Henry's "Hygeia at the Solito" (1903) has a storyteller pile one hardship on another with and likewise. Unlike the "same way" sense, it says nothing about how anything was done.
Practice
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Origin
From Middle English lykewise, a shortened form of "in lik wise" ("in like wise"), equivalent to "like" plus the suffix "-wise." It may be compared with "otherwise."