project
Pluralprojects
Verbprojects, projecting, projected
Pluralprojects
Formsprojects, projecting, projected
- 1
- 2To form plans or estimates for a future value or outcome; to forecast based on current information.
Analysts project a two percent increase in unemployment.
The budget office projected a deficit for the coming year.
UsageOften passive with to + verb: profits are projected to rise. Also before a noun: the projected cost.
Similarforecast, foresee, foretell
Note
Two jobs share this verb. In Milton's Paradise Lost (1667) the speakers sit "projecting Peace and Warr," meaning scheming and devising. That sense lies close to the noun for a planned undertaking. In modern business and economic writing it mostly means forecasting a figure: a CEO projects a completion date, analysts project growth.
- 3To present oneself or convey a particular impression, usually a favorable one.
The candidate projected warmth and competence throughout the debate.
Actors learn to project authority with posture alone.
UsageUsually takes a quality (project confidence, project an image), or project yourself as something: project yourself as a leader.
Similarconvey, exude, radiate, display, show
Note
The quality is usually a flattering one, but the word implies display rather than proof. What someone projects may or may not be what they are.
- 4To cast an image or shadow onto a surface, or to throw or shoot something forward.
The old machine projected grainy films onto a bedsheet.
Stadium lights project sharp shadows across the field.
UsageUsually project an image onto a surface: project slides onto a screen.
Similarthrow, cast, hurl, fling, launch
Note
An early use is physical casting. In Windsor-Forest (1713), Pope has villas that "project long shadows o'er the crystal tide." Earlier, Book VI of Spenser's Faerie Queene (1596) has a woman "project" herself before a man's feet. That is a bodily throwing, close to the Latin "throw forth."
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 5 facts
- Pope wrote Windsor-Forest, first published in 1713. rpo.library.utoronto.ca
- Pope describes villas projecting shadows with the quoted wording. rpo.library.utoronto.ca
- Books I–III first appeared in 1590. The quoted passage belongs to Book VI, first published in 1596; specify that book to retain this date. en.wikipedia.org
- Spenser describes a woman throwing herself before a man's feet, using project. gutenberg.org
- The Latin source means throw forth. en.wiktionary.org
Less common meanings
- 5
- 6To speak or sing so that one's voice or words carry clearly over a long distance.
The actor projected his lines to the very last seats.
Teachers must project their words across a noisy classroom.
UsageOften project your voice; also with no object: she can really project.
Oppositemumble
- 7An urban building or group of buildings offering low-cost accommodation for low-income residents.
The city demolished an aging housing project downtown.
He spent his teenage years in the projects.
UsageUsually the projects: grew up in the projects. In the singular, most often a housing project.
Similarestate
Note
The phrase carries a whole social landscape, which is why it runs through hip-hop, from De La Soul's "Stakes Is High" (1996) to Kendrick Lamar's "Money Trees" (2012). Council estate and scheme cover similar ground.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- De La Soul released "Stakes Is High" in 1996. en.wikipedia.org
- "Stakes Is High" uses "the projects" in the housing sense. en.wiktionary.org
- Kendrick Lamar's "Money Trees" dates from 2012. en.wiktionary.org
- "Money Trees" refers to housing projects. shazam.com
- 8To attribute one's own qualities, feelings, or attitudes to other people.
She tends to project her anxieties onto her coworkers.
He projected his own ambition onto his children, assuming they shared it.
UsageUsually project something onto someone: project your fears onto others.
Similartransfer, attribute, impose
Note
In the strict clinical sense the process is unconscious, and what gets projected is usually what one cannot accept in oneself. Casual use loosens that into any assumption that others share one's feelings.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- Clinical projection is unconscious and commonly concerns aspects of oneself that one cannot accept. en.wikipedia.org
- Clinical projection operates unconsciously. apsa.org
- 9A raw recruit a team hopes to develop into a strong player through coaching; a promising long shot.
Scouts flagged the lanky teenager as a project worth a late-round pick.
He arrived as a project but became a starter within three seasons.
Similarprospect
Note
Sports talk uses the word for a person rather than a plan. A player is a project when the team is buying the future instead of the present. The opposite is the finished, no-frills player. Gabriele Marcotti uses it of footballers in 2014, so it travels beyond American football.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Gabriele Marcotti used 'project' of a footballer in 2014, demonstrating use beyond American football. en.wiktionary.org
- 10To map a figure onto a surface by drawing straight lines from a fixed point through each of its points.
Cartographers project the globe's features onto a flat sheet using a single central point.
The method projects every vertex of the solid onto the viewing plane.
Similarmap
Note
The geometer's exact version of casting a shadow. Lines run from a single fixed point through every point of a figure until they meet a surface, and where they land is the new figure. A lamp throwing a shadow does the same thing. Mapmakers took the word for every way of flattening the globe, though only some map projections are actually built like this.
- 11A scheme with no practical chance of success; an impractical or fanciful design.
Similarscheme, fantasy, chimera
Note
A dated and faintly mocking use: a man given to projects was forever hatching grand designs that came to nothing. The word hints at ambition outrunning means. In older prose it is easily mistaken for the ordinary planned undertaking. A note of folly or ridicule marks the older sense. In current writing, idle scheme says it without ambiguity.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Project has a dated sense meaning an idle or impracticable scheme, illustrated by 'a man given to projects'. en.wiktionary.org
- 12A part that extends or juts outward from a surface; a protrusion.
Similarprotrusion, protuberance
Note
The obsolete noun for what jutting out produces: a carved ledge, a bay, a ridge standing proud of a wall. Modern English says projection, protrusion or protuberance instead. A jutting part called a project today would simply be misread as a planned undertaking, so the word survives only in older descriptions of buildings and bodies.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Project has an obsolete noun sense meaning a projection or protruding part. en.wiktionary.org
- 13An object hurled or discharged through the air, especially as a weapon.
Similarmissile
Note
The most literal of all the senses: Latin prōiectus, "thrown forth," is exactly what a missile is. Today projectile and missile do this job, and the noun project means a plan or an undertaking. Used this way today, it would read as a mistake. Keep it for historical writing or for prose that deliberately sounds archaic.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- Latin prōiectus means 'thrown forth', as applied to a missile. en.wiktionary.org
- Project historically meant a projectile or missile. en.wiktionary.org
- 14To convert spatial data from one map projection or coordinate system into another.
- 15Of a neuron or group of neurons, to extend axons reaching a remote location and thereby influence it.
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origin
Latin prōiciō meant "throw forth, extend, expel," and its perfect passive participle prōiectus is where the word comes from.