raised

1. 1
   verb

   Simple past tense and past participle of raise.

   The committee raised several concerns during the meeting.

   Taxes were raised to fund the new school.

   Note

   A regular form: one -ed spelling serves both the simple past (she raised her hand) and the participle in perfect and passive constructions (it has been raised). Because raise means to cause something to rise, raised normally has an object, or a subject that was acted on. The participle also settles into adjectives, as in the baker's leavened sense.

2. 2
   adjective

   Standing out from a surface; embossed or in relief.

   The banknote features a raised design that helps prevent forgery.

   Braille consists of raised dots arranged in fixed patterns.

   Similarembossed, elevated

   Oppositeflat, recessed, sunken

   Note

   Its most familiar partner is lettering. A 1941 Railway Magazine report describes a locomotive's name in raised lettering on a cast brass ring. Raised names the result, not the method: letters standing proud of the surface, the opposite of letters cut into it. That makes it the everyday word where embossed or in relief can sound like a craftsman's terms.

3. 3
   adjective

   Leavened, typically with yeast, so the dough expands and lightens before baking.

   The bakery specializes in raised doughnuts made with an overnight yeast starter.

   A properly raised dough should roughly double in size on the counter.

   Similarleavened, risen

   Oppositeunleavened

   Note

   In baking, the word keeps the verb's picture of rising: the dough has risen before it goes into the oven. Yeast does the work through fermentation, and its carbon dioxide expands the dough. That process separates raised goods from quick breads lifted by chemical agents and from unleavened flatbreads. Raised dough is the standard pairing.

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