violate
Formsviolates, violating, violated
- 1To break or disregard a rule, law, or established convention.
Protesters argued that the new law would violate their right to free speech.
The factory repeatedly violated environmental regulations over several years.
Similarbreak, breach, contravene, infringe, flout
Note
Latin violō meant to treat with violence, whether bodily or mental, and the rule-breaking sense keeps a trace of that force: a law, a protocol or a set of standards is pictured as something that can be damaged, not merely ignored. It takes the rule as a plain direct object (violate the law, violate editorial standards), while its opposites differ in construction: you obey a law, but comply with it.
- 2To force another person into sexual intercourse without consent; to rape.
The invading troops violated women in the captured city.
Laws in many nations punish men who violate others by force.
Note
Here the Middle English meaning of defiling, rendering impure, lies closest to the surface: the act is named as a desecration as well as an assault. Matthew Gregory Lewis's The Monk (1796) uses it that way, setting violated beside Incestuous Ravisher in a Gothic denunciation. Because it frames the act as defilement, it reads differently from the plain word rape, which names the crime directly.
- 3To formally cite someone for breaking the terms of their parole.
Miss one more check-in and your parole officer is going to violate you.
They violated him after he was caught crossing state lines.
Note
Prison and parole slang, close kin to the phrase parole violation. It most often appears in the passive with get: lose the job, miss the payments, get violated, go back to prison. The parolee can also be the subject with no object, as in I'd violate, meaning they broke the terms themselves. Outside that world it can be misheard as the sexual meaning, so plain writing is clearer with cite for a parole violation.
Practice
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Origin
Borrowed via Middle English violaten ("to defile, render impure") from Latin violātus, the past participle of violō ("to treat with violence, whether bodily or mental"), which ultimately comes from vīs ("strength, power, force, violence").