rape
Pluralrapes, rape
Pluralrapes, rape
- 1Sexual intercourse or other sexual penetration carried out without a person's consent, whether by force, threat, or because the person cannot consent; sometimes used more loosely for other sexual assaults.
Prosecutors charged him with rape and assault following the investigation.
Conviction rates for rape remain low in many jurisdictions.
UsageCharged with rape for the crime in general; a rape for a single act.
Note
This sense now dominates, but the word began elsewhere: Middle English rapen meant to abduct, seize or snatch, probably from Latin rapiō. The meaning first named only coitus forced by a man on a woman. It now applies to victims of any sex, and in general use, as in many legal codes, force is not required: the lack of consent is what makes it rape. Legal definitions vary by country.
Checked 3 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- The word derives from Middle English rapen, whose meanings included abducting, seizing and snatching, probably from Latin rapiō. en.wiktionary.org
- The sexual meaning originally referred to intercourse forced by a man on a woman. en.wiktionary.org
- 2To have sexual intercourse or other sexual penetration with someone without their consent, by force, threat, or when they cannot consent.
He was convicted of attempting to rape a coworker after the office party.
Witnesses testified that the soldiers raped civilians during the occupation.
Note
Mostly a transitive verb with the victim as its object (raped them). It also stands without an object when the act itself is the point, as in a former fighter's insistence in Kunda: The Story of a Child Soldier: "I robbed and beat, but I never raped."
Checked 3 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- The quoted wording occurs in Kunda: The Story of a Child Soldier; Wiktionary attributes it to page 51. en.wiktionary.org
- 3The plant Brassica napus, also called rapeseed, grown widely for its oil-rich seeds.
Fields of rape stretched yellow to the horizon along the highway.
The farm rotates rape with winter wheat to keep the soil healthy.
UsageOften called rapeseed or oilseed rape, which avoids any confusion with the crime.
Similarrapeseed
Note
This plant name has no tie to the verb. It comes through Middle English from Latin rāpa, rāpum, "turnip." Bill Lambrecht's Dinner at the New Gene Café (2001) notes that after the Industrial Revolution its oil also proved suitable for lubrication.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- The plant name has a different origin from the verb and comes through Middle English from Latin rāpa, rāpum, meaning turnip. en.wiktionary.org
- Bill Lambrecht wrote Dinner at the New Gene Café, first published in 2001. everettsd.org
- Lambrecht's book says that after the Industrial Revolution rape oil was found suitable for lubrication. fr.wiktionary.org
- 4To plunder or despoil; to strip of resources or lay waste to.
Strip mines rape the land and leave it barren for generations.
Shareholders accused the new owners of raping the company for short-term profit.
UsageUsually with a place or its riches as object, rape the land; it lands far harder than plunder.
Similarplunder, ravage, despoil, pillage, loot
Note
Power Trip, in a 2009 song, accuses us of having done this to the land, and a character in Stephen King's Desperation (1996) complains that visitors call people like him earth-raping monsters, with the verb inside a hyphenated adjective. Kipling (1891) sets "I raped your richest roadstead" beside a milder partner, "I plundered Singapore!", and the pairing shows how much heavier rape lands.
Less common meanings
- 5To seize and carry off something or someone by force.
Note
Modern writers rarely use this verb of plain seizure innocently, because the sexual sense now shadows it. Alasdair Gray's "armaments raped from here" (1983) keeps the construction of taking something away from a place. Gore Vidal's Kalki (1978) gives a doctor who wants to "rape your attention," where the force is the point. Expect readers to hear both meanings at once.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- Alasdair Gray used the quoted wording in “Logopandocy”. en.wiktionary.org
- The Gray quotation dates to 1983, when Unlikely Stories, Mostly was first published. thealasdairgrayarchive.org
- Gore Vidal wrote Kalki, first published in 1978. en.wikipedia.org
- The quotation describes Dr Ashok wanting to seize someone's attention; it is narration, not something the doctor says. en.wiktionary.org
- 6The act of seizing and carrying off something or someone by force.
Ruin'd orphans of thy rapes complain.
1638, George Sandys, A Paraphrase upon JobFew of the Teleri were willing to go forth to war, for they remembered the slaying at the Swanhaven, and the rape of their ships.
1977, JRR Tolkien, The SilmarillionNote
Seizure was the word's older center, which is why the Rape of the Sabine Women, the Roman legend of women carried off as wives, names an abduction. It survives mostly in the pattern the rape of plus a prize: Pope's The Rape of the Lock (1712), or Dorothy Parker's dismissive "rape of the dowager's emeralds" in 1959. George Sandys still used the plural in 1638 ("orphans of thy rapes complain"). The usage is now rare, so use it only where the darker echo is wanted.
Checked 3 Nov 2026 · 7 facts
- The word historically meant seizing or carrying off by force. en.wikipedia.org
- The Rape of the Sabine Women is a Roman legend involving abduction. nationalgallery.org.uk
- The women were abducted for marriage. en.wikipedia.org
- Alexander Pope wrote The Rape of the Lock, first published in 1712. en.wikipedia.org
- Dorothy Parker used the quoted phrase dismissively in 1959. en.wiktionary.org
- George Sandys used the plural in the quoted wording. pulterproject.northwestern.edu
- Sandys's A Paraphrase upon Job was first published in 1638. celm.folger.edu
- 7The merciless plundering, exploiting, or wrecking of something, such as a landscape, a city, a culture, or a principle.
Environmental groups condemned the rape of the coastline by developers who paved over the dunes.
Opposition senators denounced the bill as a rape of the Constitution.
UsageUsually the rape of + what is ruined: the rape of the coastline; plunder or destruction is milder.
Similardestruction, violation, despoliation, plunder
Note
The phrase continues the old "plunder" meaning, but today it lands with the full weight of the sexual meaning, which is why it turns up in protest and denunciation.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Rape has an old sense meaning seizure or plunder, which survives in nonsexual uses. en.wiktionary.org
- 8To overpower or destroy someone; to defeat them utterly; to trounce.
Their defense raped us in the second half. We didn't get a single shot off.
Veteran players rape newcomers in ranked matches all the time.
UsageHurtful to many listeners; in mixed or formal company say trounce or overpower.
Similartrounce, thrash, crush, demolish, annihilate
- 9To treat someone harshly or unfairly, including by exploiting their lack of choice, often for money.
Once the storm closed the highway, the only motel in town started raping stranded travelers with triple rates.
Ticket sites rape fans with service fees because they control every seat in the arena.
Note
Here the word names the experience of being overridden, and it is sometimes fenced with scare quotes. A mother in Samantha D. Gottlieb's chapter "Mothers and Gardasil" (2018) says she felt "raped" when she was forced over a vaccine.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- Samantha D. Gottlieb wrote the chapter "Mothers and Gardasil" in Not Quite a Cancer Vaccine. rutgersuniversitypress.org
- The book containing the chapter was published in 2018. rutgersuniversitypress.org
- A mother in the chapter says she felt "raped" in connection with being forced over vaccination; specifically, Dionne reported being forced to give Tate vaccinations. en.wiktionary.org
- 10Overwhelming domination of an opponent; utter, one-sided defeat.
The rematch was sheer rape: they led by forty points at halftime.
His chess match against the grandmaster was pure rape from the opening moves.
Similarrout, thrashing, drubbing, massacre
Note
Slang that borrows the violence of the assault sense for a lopsided contest, framing it as an encounter enjoyed by one side and suffered by the other.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- The contest sense is a metaphorical extension of the sexual-assault sense. arnoldzwicky.org
- 11An assault on the senses so severe that one feels permanently changed by it.
The feedback from the broken speakers was pure ear rape, and half the crowd covered their ears.
That website's flashing neon colors are eye rape, so I closed it after a few seconds.
Similardesecration, violation, defilement
Note
Here the injury is to the senses rather than the body, and the word can follow the organ that suffered: ear rape is sound so loud or distorted that it hurts to hear.
- 12Something snatched or carried away; the spoil or prey of an act of seizing.
Where now are all my hopes? O, never more. / Shall they revive! nor death her rapes restore.
1636, G[eorge] S[andys], A Paraphrase upon the Psalmes of DavidNote
The concrete twin of the "plunder" meaning names not the act of seizing but what was seized. George Sandys, in his 1630s verse paraphrases of scripture, uses it in the plural for what death has carried off: "nor death her rapes restore." It is obsolete. A modern writer wanting the idea would say spoils or prey.
Checked 3 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- The concrete meaning denotes what was seized. dev.gutenberg.org
- George Sandys published verse paraphrases of scripture in the 1630s. celm.folger.edu
- Sandys used the plural rapes for what death has carried away, with the quoted wording. dev.gutenberg.org
- 13Haste or hurry, sometimes reckless.
Note
Haste pictured as the motion of snatching probably belongs with the Latin-rooted words of seizing. Yet a separate, Norse-born rape, from Old Norse hrapa, "to rush headlong," meant haste too, and also gave the obsolete verb "to hurry". The two nouns overlapped so fully that they are treated here as one. Their difference is ancestry: one snatches, the other falls headlong. Both are now obsolete.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- Old Norse hrapa meant to rush headlong. en.wiktionary.org
- The noun belonging to the Norse etymology meant haste or precipitancy. en.wiktionary.org
- The verb meaning to hurry also derives from hrapa. en.wikisource.org
- The two entries overlap in their meanings of haste and hurry. gutenberg.org
- 14To make haste; to hurry or move with speed.
Note
This obsolete verb of motion took no object, or else a reflexive one, the hurrier's own self. It goes back through Old Norse hrapa to a Proto-Germanic verb for falling down. Its relatives include Danish rappe, "to make haste," Norwegian rapa, "to slip, fall," and German rappeln, "to hasten."
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 5 facts
- The hurry verb was intransitive or reflexive. en.wiktionary.org
- The verb derives through Old Norse hrapa from a Proto-Germanic verb meaning to fall down. en.wiktionary.org
- Danish rappe, meaning to make haste, is related. en.wiktionary.org
- Norwegian rapa, meaning to slip or fall, is related. en.wiktionary.org
- German rappeln, meaning to hasten or hurry, is related. en.wiktionary.org
- 15Quickly or hastily; with great speed.
Note
The adverb of the Norse haste family compared with more and most rather than with endings: more rape, most rape. It is obsolete, and quickly or hastily now does its work.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- The adverb belongs to the word family derived from Old Norse hrapa, associated with hurrying. en.wiktionary.org
- The comparative and superlative are more rape and most rape. en.wiktionary.org
- 16Fruit plucked or gathered in a bunch, such as a cluster of grapes.
Note
This word for a cluster taken whole was used with of: a rape of grapes. It comes from the same rasping root as the winemaker's stalks and husks. It is obsolete, and bunch or cluster now does its work.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 7 facts
- Rape could mean fruit gathered as a bunch. en.wiktionary.org
- A rape of grapes exemplifies the construction with of. en.wiktionary.org
- John Ray wrote Methodus Plantarum Nova. wellcomecollection.org
- The book was first published in 1682. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- The phrase rape of Cistus occurs in Ray's book. e-rara.ch
- Rape of Cistus is a plant name, referring to Cytinus hypocistis, rather than a cluster of Cistus fruit. kkl.org.il
- The fruit-bunch sense shares the rasping etymology of the winemaking residue sense. en.wiktionary.org
- 17In slang sometimes considered offensive, an experience one party enjoys while the other finds it unpleasant, particularly when the unwilling party suffers more than necessary.
- 18The stalks and skins of grapes left after pressing, also packed into a filter for clearing wine or vinegar.
- 19One of the six former administrative divisions of the English county of Sussex.
It seems to me very clear that the rapes of Sussex were divisions already existing there when the Normans landed.
1888, Henry H. Howorth, in a letter to The Archaeological Review
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origins
From Middle English rapen or rappen ("to abduct, seize, snatch, or carry off"), probably from Latin rapiō, possibly through or influenced by Anglo-Norman rap or rape. Similar Germanic forms exist, such as Swedish rappa and Low German rapen, but their relationship to the word is not clear.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 5 facts
- The word derives from Middle English rapen or rappen, with the stated meanings. en.wiktionary.org
- Latin rapiō is its probable source. en.wiktionary.org
- Anglo-Norman rap or rape may have mediated or influenced its development. en.wiktionary.org
- Comparable Swedish rappa and Low German rapen exist. en.wiktionary.org
- The relationship between these Germanic forms and English rape is unclear. en.wiktionary.org
Proto-Germanic *hrapaną ("to fall down") gave Old Norse hrapa, meaning to fall, rush headlong, or hurry, which passed into Middle English as rapen. Norwegian rapa, Danish rappe, and German rappeln are related.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Proto-Germanic *hrapaną meant “to fall down” and gave Old Norse hrapa. en.wiktionary.org
- Old Norse hrapa meant to fall, rush headlong, or hurry. en.wiktionary.org
- Middle English rapen derives from Old Norse hrapa. en.wiktionary.org
- Norwegian rapa, Danish rappe, and German rappeln are related forms. en.wiktionary.org
Latin rāpa, a form built on rāpum ("turnip"), passed into Middle English as rape.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- Latin rāpa passed into Middle English as rape. en.wiktionary.org
- Latin rāpa is a form of rāpum. en.wiktionary.org
- Latin rāpum means turnip. en.wiktionary.org
Old Frankish *raspōn ("to scratch") gave Old French raper or rasper, meaning to rasp or scratch, and Middle English took this as rape ("grape stalk, rasper"). Old High German raspōn and Old English ġehrespan are related.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Old French raper or rasper derives from reconstructed Old Frankish *raspōn, meaning to scratch. en.wiktionary.org
- The Old French verb meant to rasp or scratch. en.wiktionary.org
- Middle English borrowed rape with the meanings grape stalk and rasper. en.wiktionary.org
- Old High German raspōn and Old English ġehrespan are related. en.wiktionary.org