natural
Pluralnaturals
- 1Formed by nature rather than manufactured or created through artificial processes.
The harbor is a natural formation, carved by glaciers thousands of years ago.
Cotton and silk are natural fibers, unlike polyester.
UsageCommon in natural resources, natural light, natural fibers; the opposite is artificial or synthetic.
Oppositeartificial, man-made, synthetic
- 2To be expected; reasonable or normal, arising in an unforced way from the circumstances.
After the merger, it was natural for employees to worry about their jobs.
Her promotion felt like the natural next step after a decade of strong work.
UsageOften it's natural for someone to do or feel something, or the natural next step.
Similarnormal, understandable, reasonable, logical, obvious
Oppositeunnatural, abnormal, strange
Note
Calling something natural in this way explains or excuses it. Joseph Addison could already ask in The Spectator of 1711 what was 'more natural or more moving' than a scene of grief.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- Joseph Addison's relevant Spectator essay was published in 1711, specifically as No. 74 on 25 May. dev.gutenberg.org
- Addison asked what was 'more natural or more moving' when discussing women grieving for their dead husbands. dev.gutenberg.org
- 3Containing no artificial or man-made additives; of food, free of artificial colorings, flavorings, or preservatives.
The label claims the soda is natural, though it still contains plenty of sugar.
Many shoppers pay more for natural snacks made without preservatives.
UsageCommon on food labels: all-natural, natural ingredients.
Similarpure, unprocessed
Oppositeartificial, processed
- 4Belonging to someone's or something's inborn nature rather than acquired or learned.
His natural shyness faded once he got to know his classmates.
Salmon possess a natural instinct to return to the streams where they hatched.
UsageCommon in natural talent, natural ability, and natural instinct.
Similarinnate, inborn, inherent, instinctive, native
Note
Being born with something is the root idea here. What is natural in this sense came with you: natural talent, natural shyness, the 'natural Love of Life' in Swift's Travels (1726).
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Latin nātus means 'born', supporting the stated connection with birth. en.wiktionary.org
- Travels is Jonathan Swift's work, commonly called Gulliver's Travels. gutenberg.org
- Gulliver's Travels was first published in 1726. en.wikipedia.org
- The phrase 'natural Love of Life' occurs in Swift's Travels; it belongs to Gulliver's narration. en.wiktionary.org
- 5Normally associated with a particular person or thing as an inherent part of its nature.
Coral reefs provide the natural habitat for thousands of fish species.
Improvisation is the natural idiom of jazz.
Similarnative
- 6Of death, brought about by disease or old age rather than by violence or accident.
The coroner ruled it a natural death, closing the investigation.
Most of the lighthouse keepers in the records died natural deaths well into their eighties.
UsageThe usual phrases are die of natural causes and die a natural death.
Oppositeviolent, unnatural, accidental
Note
Death is the only thing it qualifies, almost always in two set phrases: died of natural causes and a natural death. Both phrases draw a line against violence and accident. The Guardian in 2015 described a man 'close to a natural death' when he was suffocated.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- The Guardian published the quoted description in 2015. theguardian.com
- The article described a man as 'close to a natural death' when he was suffocated. theguardian.com
- 7Having an innate ability to fill a particular role or profession, or to display a particular character.
Even as a child she was a natural performer, at ease in front of any crowd.
He proved a natural diplomat, easing tensions that had stalled the talks for months.
UsageGoes before a role: a natural leader, a natural performer.
Similarborn, instinctive, gifted
Note
Placed before a role noun, the adjective credits someone with being born to that role: a natural performer, a natural diplomat, Margery Allingham's 'natural goon' in The China Governess. Drop the role noun and the word becomes the noun for a born talent, as in she's a natural. Either way the praise is that the ability was never taught.
- 8Of a material, finish, or fabric: keeping its original color and look, not dyed, stained, or artificially colored.
The cabinetmaker recommended a natural finish to highlight the cherry's color.
Buyers preferred floors left natural over the dark stained samples.
UsageOften a natural finish, natural wood, or wood left natural.
- 9Relaxed and unaffected in manner, without pretense or putting on a show.
When the security guard walks past, act natural and keep reading your newspaper.
She was completely natural in front of the camera, as if the crew weren't there.
Similarrelaxed, unaffected, casual, unselfconscious, spontaneous
Oppositeaffected, stiff, artificial, self-conscious
Note
The adjective follows linking verbs such as act, look and seem, so English says act natural where grammar books might expect act naturally. Act natural is plain advice to someone facing a camera, and also the stock line for someone with something to hide. Mind the article: she was natural on camera means relaxed, while she was a natural on camera praises a gift, as in the "born talent" noun.
Less common meanings
- 10A person with an innate talent for a particular activity or pursuit.
The coach knew within five minutes that the kid was a natural.
She had never acted before, but the director called her a natural on the first day.
UsageUsually a natural: she's a natural, a natural at tennis.
- 11An off-white color with a hint of gray, yellow, or brown, like that of undyed fabric.
The linen curtains come in natural, a warm off-white that suits the bright room.
For the wedding, she chose invitations printed on cardstock in natural rather than stark white.
UsageUsed with no article as a color name: comes in natural, printed in natural.
- 12Of a note, neither sharp nor flat; marked where needed with the symbol ♮.
The melody resolves on E natural rather than E flat.
In C major, every scale tone is natural.
UsageComes after the note name: E natural, C natural, like B flat.
Note
The sign ♮ is written where needed or as a reminder. It cancels an earlier sharp or flat in the measure, or one set by the key signature, and normally holds for that note in that octave until the measure ends or another accidental intervenes. A note that nothing has altered is simply natural and usually goes unmarked.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- A natural cancels a sharp or flat introduced earlier in the measure or by the key signature. open.edu
- 13
- 14A hairstyle in which Afro-textured hair is worn unstraightened and otherwise untreated.
After years of relaxers, she transitioned to a natural and never looked back.
His neatly shaped natural became part of his signature look on stage.
UsageOften wear a natural or cut hair into a natural.
Note
American colloquial speech uses it for Afro-textured hair worn as it grows. Its opposite is relaxed or straightened hair. In the 1960s and 1970s the style became a prominent emblem of Black pride.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- The natural or Afro hairstyle became a prominent symbol of Black pride during the 1960s and 1970s. picturingblackhistory.org
- 15Related by birth rather than by adoption or marriage; genetically related.
The adoption records finally revealed the name of his natural father.
Courts weighed the rights of the natural parents against those of the foster family.
UsageCommon in natural parents and natural father; birth parents and biological parents mean the same.
Similarbiological
Note
Adoption records and family courts use the word to set blood ties against legal ones: natural parents, a natural father. A sermon by John Henry Newman stretches it to 'natural friends', the people one is born among. In older texts, read carefully: a natural son or daughter there usually means a child born out of wedlock.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- Adoption proceedings use natural parents for birth parents. courts.state.md.us
- Natural father is used in adoption records to distinguish biological relationships from legal parenthood. secure.ssa.gov
- John Henry Newman uses natural friends in a sermon, referring in context to existing family and personal ties. newmanreader.org
- Natural son and natural daughter historically denoted children born outside marriage. en.wikipedia.org
- 16Born to parents who were not married to each other; illegitimate.
Several of the duke's natural children received quiet annuities.
Gossip in the parish held that the boy was the squire's natural son.
Similarillegitimate
Oppositelegitimate
Note
Older English used this as the polite way to say illegitimate. It acknowledged the blood tie while staying silent about the marriage. Jane Austen's Love and Freindship, written in 1790 but first published in 1922, mentions a 'natural Daughter of a Scotch Peer'. In George Eliot's Middlemarch, gossip holds Lydgate to be 'a natural son of Bulstrode's'. The historian Roy Porter still uses natural children beside illegitimate daughters.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 7 facts
- Natural historically served as a polite expression for illegitimate, acknowledging biological fatherhood. en.wikipedia.org
- The quoted wording occurs in Jane Austen's writing; the fictional letter writer is Laura. gutenberg.org
- 1790 is the manuscript date. Love and Freindship was first published in 1922. en.wikisource.org
- George Eliot wrote Middlemarch. gutenberg.org
- Middlemarch reports Mrs. Taft's mistaken belief that Lydgate is Bulstrode's natural son; the quoted words belong to the narration. gutenberg.org
- Roy Porter was a historian. en.wikipedia.org
- Roy Porter uses natural children alongside illegitimate daughters. en.wiktionary.org
- 17Training or competing without ever having taken anabolic steroids or other performance-enhancing drugs.
After ten years of natural training, he finally competed at the national level.
Critics doubted the champion was natural, given how quickly he had gained mass.
Oppositeenhanced
Note
Bodybuilding uses the word for a lifter who has stayed off steroids, and it gives the word a plain opposite: enhanced. Drug-tested federations exist to check the claim. That is why doubting that a champion is natural amounts to an accusation. The athlete is named by the noun natural, or natty.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 1 fact
- Bodybuilding federations conduct drug testing to check competitors’ drug-free status. anbfnatural.com
- 18Someone who has never relied on anabolic steroids or any comparable substance to enhance performance.
She competes as a natural in drug-tested federations.
Naturals often hit a plateau years before enhanced athletes do.
UsageGym talk shortens it to natty.
Note
The drug-free adjective becomes a label for the athlete. Gregg Valentino recalls in Death, Drugs, and Muscle (2010) that 'as a natural I was still competing and beating guys who were juicing up.' The pride in the word comes from exactly that comparison.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- Death, Drugs, and Muscle was published in 2010. ecwpress.com
- Gregg Valentino is an author of Death, Drugs, and Muscle. simonandschuster.com
- The quoted words occur in Valentino’s account in Death, Drugs, and Muscle. en.wiktionary.org
- 19A roll of two dice totaling 7 or 11 on the comeout roll.
The shooter opened with a natural, and the pass-line bets paid immediately.
After three naturals in a row, the crowd around the craps table grew.
Note
Craps has its own natural: a 7 or 11 on the comeout roll, which wins at once for pass-line bets. It stands against craps itself, a roll of 2, 3 or 12. It also stands against point numbers, which must be rolled again before a 7 to win. Unlike the gamer's natural 20, it is the total of two dice, not one face.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 6 facts
- A natural in craps is a total of 7 or 11 from two dice on the comeout roll. en.wikipedia.org
- A comeout natural immediately wins pass-line bets. mgmresorts.com
- The shooter wins a pass-line bet but can instead have a don't-pass bet, which loses on a natural. casino.hardrock.com
- A roll of 2, 3 or 12 is called craps. venetianlasvegas.com
- An established point must be repeated before a 7 for a pass-line bet to win. bellagio.mgmresorts.com
- A gamer's natural 20 is the result shown on a single die. media.wizards.com
- 20Holding a status, most often a position of authority, that comes from one's birth.
Royalists insisted the exiled prince remained the natural sovereign of the realm.
Medieval tenants owed service to their natural lord by hereditary right.
Similarrightful, hereditary, legitimate
Note
Birth confers the authority here. A natural lord or king is owed obedience because of descent, not choice. Clifford asks 'Whom should he follow but his naturall king' in Shakespeare's The Third Part of Henry the Sixt. Mary Shelley's creature in Frankenstein offers to be docile 'to my natural lord and king'. Today the phrase mostly belongs to history and to arguments from hereditary right.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 5 facts
- In this sense, natural authority derives from birth or descent. en.wiktionary.org
- The quoted wording occurs in Shakespeare's The Third Part of Henry the Sixt. en.wiktionary.org
- Clifford asks the question in Act 1, scene 1 of Shakespeare's play. folger.edu
- Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein. gutenberg.org
- The creature offers to be docile to his natural lord and king. gutenberg.org
- 21Naturally; in an unforced, everyday manner.
He sings natural, never forcing the high notes.
She talks natural with everyone, from the kids to the mayor.
UsageUsually right after a verb: sings natural, spoke natural. In careful writing, naturally is usual.
Similarfreely, easily, effortlessly
Note
Casual and regional speech lets the adjective's form serve as the adverb. Daniel Shields writes 'Dr. Watson, on the other hand, spoke natural' (2002), and Leo Bruce's Jack on the Gallows Tree has 'you'd have sworn she died natural.' This is a flat adverb, like real for really.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Daniel Shields wrote the quoted sentence in I Know Where the Horses Play. en.wiktionary.org
- Leo Bruce's Jack on the Gallows Tree contains the quoted words. en.wiktionary.org
- An adverb sharing its corresponding adjective's form is a flat adverb. en.wikipedia.org
- Real can function as a flat adverb meaning really. en.wiktionary.org
- 22A breast that has not been surgically altered or augmented.
When a fan asked about implants, the singer laughed and said hers were naturals.
Her surgeon matched the implant closely to the remaining natural.
UsageIn polite or clinical speech, say natural breasts instead.
- 23Of a dice roll: showing the result before any bonuses or penalties have been applied.
The house rule treats any natural 1 as an automatic failure.
You need a natural 16 or higher, since modifiers don't count for this check.
UsageThe number follows: a natural 20, a natural 1.
Similarunmodified
Oppositemodified
Note
Only the face of the die counts, not the total after modifiers. Many rule sets attach special results to particular faces, such as automatic failure on a natural 1.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- A natural roll is the die result before bonuses or penalties. en.wiktionary.org
- Game rules can give particular die faces special outcomes, including automatic failure on a natural 1. dndbeyond.com
- Other rule sets also attach special results to natural rolls. pelgranepress.com
- 24One's life, used chiefly in the fixed expression 'in all my natural.'
Never in all my natural have I seen the river that high.
She'd not heard such cheek in all her natural, she told the neighbors.
UsageOften used with never to express surprise or disbelief: I've never seen anything like it in all my natural.
Similarlife
Note
Frederic Manning's The Middle Parts of Fortune (1929) has 'you've never seen a man look more surprised in your natural.'
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- Frederic Manning wrote The Middle Parts of Fortune. gutenberg.net.au
- The Middle Parts of Fortune was first published in 1929. cdn.waterstones.com
- The quoted wording occurs in the novel, spoken by Corporal Marshall. gutenberg.net.au
- 25Bidding in an intuitive way that reflects the actual contents of one's hand.
Her two-spade response was natural, showing genuine length in spades.
They play a natural system, so each bid names a suit they really hold.
Oppositeartificial, conventional
Note
Bridge players sort bids into two kinds, and this word names the plain one. A natural call means what it says; a natural suit bid normally shows length in the suit named. Its opposites are artificial and conventional, which describe bids with agreed meanings beyond their literal ones. A natural system is one built mainly on such straightforward bids.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- Bridge calls are commonly classified as natural or conventional/artificial. en.wikipedia.org
- Natural calls also include no-trump bids, passes, doubles and redoubles; they do not invariably show suit length. web2.acbl.org
- Natural bids also have agreed meanings. Artificial or conventional bids convey information beyond their ordinary meaning; agreement alone does not make a bid conventional. bridgewebs.com
- A natural bidding system consists mainly of natural bids. en.wikipedia.org
- 26A native inhabitant of a particular place or country.
Note
Early colonial writing called a land's inhabitants its naturals. Ralph Hamor, writing about Virginia in 1615, speaks of 'the welfare of the Naturals'. It turns the 'by birth' adjective into a name for people.
- 27A person of very limited intellect; a fool or simpleton.
"Why you are a natural! I thought you had learned something by this time.
1897, Stanley John Weyman, ShrewsburySimilarfool, idiot, blockhead, airhead, birdbrain
Note
Romeo and Juliet likens driveling love to 'a great Naturall', and a 1630s edition of A Banquet of Jests uses naturall and Ideot for the same man. Stanley Weyman still has a character snap 'you are a natural!' in Shrewsbury. Today the word is archaic and would land as an insult.
- 28Of a trigonometric function of an angle, giving its ordinary value rather than the logarithm of that value.
- 29Of a class of modules, closed under submodules, direct sums and injective hulls.
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origin
Inherited from Middle English natural, borrowed via Old French naturel from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the past participle of nāscor ("to be born"). By surface analysis it is nature + -al, and it displaced the native Old English ġecynde.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- Natural was inherited from Middle English, borrowed through Old French from Latin nātūrālis, ultimately derived from nātus. en.wiktionary.org
- Nātus is the past participle of nāscor, meaning 'to be born'. en.wiktionary.org
- Natural can be analysed on the surface as nature + -al. en.wiktionary.org
- Natural displaced the native Old English word ġecynde. en.wiktionary.org