clean
Noun pluralcleans
Formscleans, cleaning, cleaned
Pluralcleans
- 1To remove dirt, dust or marks from something, or to do this as a general household task.
She cleaned the muddy boots before stepping inside.
Volunteers clean the riverbank every spring.
UsageThe object can be the thing or the dirt: clean the boots, clean the mud off them. Clean up is common for a mess.
- 2Free of dirt, filth, or other unwanted matter; not soiled or stained.
He kept his workshop clean despite the constant sawdust.
After hours of scrubbing, the windows were perfectly clean.
UsageOften after verbs like wipe, keep or scrub: wipe the table clean, keep the kitchen clean.
Similarspotless, immaculate, pristine, unsoiled, washed
- 3To put things in order so that a place looks neat and tidy.
He cleaned the cluttered garage over the weekend.
I need to clean my bedroom and put away the clothes piled on the floor.
UsageOften clean up or clean out: clean up your room, clean out the garage.
Similartidy, straighten, neaten, clear
Oppositeclutter
- 4
- 5Causing little or no harm to the environment, especially compared with an alternative.
Investors poured money into clean energy projects.
Electric cars are often promoted as a clean alternative to gasoline.
UsageUsed before a noun, often in fixed pairs: clean energy, clean fuel, clean technology.
Similargreen, renewable, eco-friendly
Note
Environmental cleanness is a comparison more than a promise. Clean energy, clean coal and clean tourism each claim to do less damage than some alternative, not to do none. Clean coal shows how far that comparison can stretch.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- Clean energy can reduce environmental harm without eliminating it. epa.gov
- Clean coal technologies aim to reduce environmental impacts. energy.gov
- 6Free of contamination, harmful germs, infection, or disease.
Surgeons scrub thoroughly to keep their hands clean during operations.
Hospitals must keep instruments clean to prevent infection.
Similarsterile, hygienic, sanitary, uncontaminated
Oppositecontaminated, infected, dirty, unhygienic
- 7Of a design, layout, or interface, plain and uncluttered, with crisp lines and no unneeded elements.
The redesigned dashboard has a clean layout that puts the key numbers front and center.
The magazine's art director favors clean typography and plenty of white space.
UsageMost often clean lines, a clean design or a clean layout. The opposite is busy or cluttered.
Similaruncluttered, simple, minimal, crisp
Note
A designer's term of praise, with clean lines as its most common partner. Where plain can suggest something dull or unfinished, clean implies the simplicity was chosen: everything unnecessary has been taken out on purpose. It sits close to minimal and uncluttered, and its opposite in design talk is busy or cluttered.
- 8
- 9No longer using drugs or alcohol, especially after a period of dependence.
After rehab, he remained clean for over a decade.
Staying clean meant avoiding the friends who still used.
UsageUsually after stay, get or be: stay clean, get clean, clean for two years.
Note
It sits close to sober. Taylor Swift's "Clean" sets the two side by side, with "ten months sober" answered by "now that I'm clean." In sport, clean also means not doping: a clean athlete uses no banned drugs, and a drug test comes back clean.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- “Clean” is a song by Taylor Swift. en.wikipedia.org
- The song includes the words “ten months sober”. artsatmichigan.umich.edu
- The same passage later includes “now that I'm clean”. artsatmichigan.umich.edu
- 10Containing relatively few impurities; nearly pure.
The lab needed a clean reagent free of trace metals.
Refiners process crude oil into cleaner fractions with fewer contaminants.
Similarpure, uncontaminated, unadulterated, refined
Oppositeimpure, contaminated
Note
Metals are judged by degree here: clean steel has few impurities, not none. That makes the comparative natural, since one steel can be cleaner than another without either being perfectly pure. The everyday meaning describes a surface free of dirt. This one describes what a material contains.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- Clean steel contains low levels of impurities. worldsteel.org
- Steel cleanliness is a matter of degree; steel can retain inclusions while being described as cleaner. archive.nptel.ac.in
- 11Morally or religiously pure; free from sin, guilt, or spiritual impurity.
The ritual was meant to leave worshippers clean before their god.
He longed to feel clean again after years of guilt.
Similarpure, innocent, sinless, guiltless, undefiled
Oppositeimpure, sinful, unclean, defiled
Note
Moral cleanness has a long scriptural voice. The King James Bible of 1611 prays "Create in me a clean heart, O God," and Tennyson's "St. Simeon Stylites" hopes to be "whole, and clean, and meet for Heaven." New Zealand's Parliamentary Debates of 1914 call honorable conduct "the clean thing to do." Today a clean movie is simply one fit for children.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 4 facts
- The King James Bible was first published in 1611. exhibits.lib.byu.edu
- The King James Bible contains the quoted prayer, in Psalm 51:10, supporting the scriptural association with moral cleanness. en.wikisource.org
- Tennyson wrote “St. Simeon Stylites”; its speaker, St. Simeon, expresses the quoted hope. en.wikipedia.org
- New Zealand’s Parliamentary Debates contains “the clean thing to do” in 1914, referring to proper conduct. en.wiktionary.org
- 12To detect and fix or delete errors, duplicate entries, and inconsistencies in a data set so that it is ready for use.
Always clean the dataset before you train a model on it.
The team cleaned the patient records, merging duplicates and standardizing dates, before running the analysis.
Note
A working term in statistics and data science, used alone or with up (clean up the records); the process is called data cleaning or data cleansing, and its product is clean data. Unlike clearing out files, cleaning data usually corrects entries rather than just deleting them, and it comes before any analysis is trusted.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- Data cleaning involves correcting entries rather than merely deleting them. ibm.com
- Data errors should be addressed before relying on analysis. aws.amazon.com
Less common meanings
- 13Free from corrupt, unlawful, or dishonest conduct; (of a criminal or driving record) carrying no penalties or restrictions.
Investigators concluded that the firm's accounts were entirely clean.
A clean criminal record helped her pass the security check.
UsageOften a clean record. A background check can come back clean.
Similarhonest, legitimate, spotless, unblemished, aboveboard
Oppositecorrupt, dishonest, crooked, dirty
Note
Here the word belongs to the vocabulary of checking. A record, a background check or a vetting comes back clean when it turns up nothing that counts against you. What counts depends on who is checking: in Haynes, Klehr and Vassiliev's Spies (2009), a would-be Soviet agent was clean partly because he had no relatives abroad. Unlike moral or religious purity, this clean describes a file, not a soul.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 3 facts
- Spies was written by John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev. yalebooks.co.uk
- Spies was first published in 2009. wilsoncenter.org
- The book describes a prospective Soviet spy as clean partly because he had no relatives abroad. en.wiktionary.org
- 14Free of swearing, obscene material, or sexual content.
She prefers clean comedy that the whole family can enjoy.
The radio edit is clean, with every swear word removed.
UsageKeep it clean asks people to avoid swearing or obscene content; also clean jokes, a clean version of a song.
Similarwholesome, decent, inoffensive
- 15Of sound, a recording, or an audio signal, clear and undistorted, with no unwanted noise.
The remastered album sounds remarkably clean, with none of the hiss of the original tapes.
The engineer swapped out a faulty cable and got a much cleaner signal from the guitar amp.
Note
Musicians and engineers set clean against distorted. A guitarist's clean tone is the undistorted sound, and many amplifiers have a clean channel beside an overdrive one, so here clean is a technical choice, not simply praise. In recording, a clean signal is one with little hiss, hum or crackle, and noisy is the opposite term.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- Amplifiers have separate clean and overdrive channels. marshall.com
- The contrasting adjective is noisy; noise names the unwanted component of the signal. en.wiktionary.org
- 16Having nothing on or in it; blank, unmarked, or empty, as a clean sheet of paper.
She turned to a clean page in her notebook and started the list again.
The artist stared at the clean canvas for an hour before making her first mark.
UsageCommon in a clean page and the idiom a clean slate (a fresh start).
- 17Fully and completely; all the way.
The arrow passed clean through the target.
By the time the alarm sounded, the thief had got clean away.
UsageUsually before through, over or away: clean through the target, got clean away.
Similarcompletely, right, clear, fully, entirely
Note
The adverb is an intensifier of totality. It appears in phrases such as stabbed clean through, a wave going clean over a lighthouse, or even clean mad. James Howell writes "clean contrary" in 1655, so the pattern is far from new.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- James Howell uses the exact phrase "clean contrary". upload.wikimedia.org
- The fourth volume containing Howell's quotation was first published in 1655. en.wikisource.org
- 18To remove the internal organs and other unwanted parts, such as scales or feathers, from a fish or other animal killed for food.
The fisherman cleaned his catch on the dock as gulls circled.
Hunters must clean the deer quickly to preserve the meat.
UsageThe object is the animal, not what is removed: clean a fish, clean the deer.
Note
In this kitchen use, what is removed is not dirt at all but part of the animal itself: the guts, and for fish the scales. Gut and scale each name a single job, while clean covers the whole preparation. That sets it apart from the everyday dirt-removing verb.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Cleaning an animal for food can involve removing its guts and scales rather than dirt. en.wiktionary.org
- 19Of food or an eating plan, consisting of whole foods with little processing, thought of as healthy.
After a month on a clean diet, he said he had more energy and slept better.
The cafe markets its menu as clean, built around whole grains, roasted vegetables, and nothing from a package.
UsageMost often clean eating or a clean diet. Some readers hear it as marketing, preferring whole or minimally processed.
Note
A wellness word whose home phrase is clean eating. It borrows the moral glow of the sense of purity, and that is the usual objection to it: calling some food clean implies that other food is dirty.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- A documented objection to describing food as clean is that it implies other food is dirty. nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu
- 20
- 21In weightlifting, the first movement of the clean and jerk, raising the bar from the floor to the shoulders.
After a smooth clean, he struggled to lock out the jerk, and the judges ruled the lift no good.
A strong clean sets up the rest of the lift.
Note
A weightlifter's noun, and half of an event's name. The clean and jerk is two movements joined by and, and either half can be named on its own.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- The clean and jerk consists of two movements, separately named the clean and the jerk. iwf.sport
- 22Complete, total, or absolute; free from anything that limits or holds back.
The thieves made a clean getaway before police arrived.
She wanted a clean break from her old life.
UsageMostly in set phrases: a clean break, a clean sweep, a clean getaway.
Similarcomplete, total, decisive
Oppositepartial
Note
The King James Bible of 1611 already has it: "thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field," where clean riddance means reaping everything and leaving nothing behind. It also describes feelings without admixture, as in Arianne Shahvisi's "clean thrill of getting the right answer." The adverb of totality carries the same idea.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- The King James Bible was first published in 1611. wwwe.lib.cam.ac.uk
- Arianne Shahvisi wrote “clean thrill of getting the right answer.” en.wiktionary.org
- 23Not in possession of weapons or illegal goods such as drugs.
Police patted him down and confirmed he was clean.
The couriers traveled clean that night, leaving the cargo behind.
- 24To remove unnecessary files from a directory, drive, or other storage.
The script cleans the cache directory every night.
Engineers clean the build directory before each release.
Similarclear, purge, empty, flush
Note
Computing borrows the household verb for storage. A script cleans a cache, or an engineer cleans a build directory, clearing out what is no longer needed. The usual object is the container, such as the directory or the drive, though programmers also speak of cleaning the unwanted files themselves.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- Cleaning can remove all contents: npm's cache-cleaning command deletes all data from its cache folder. docs.npmjs.com
- Files being removed can be the object: Git's documentation explicitly uses clean files. git-scm.com
- 25Of a victory or performance, free of fouls, interference, or disqualification.
The judges called it a clean win, untainted by any foul.
She earned a clean victory after dominating every round.
Similarfair, undisputed, legitimate
Note
Professional wrestling and other sports keep a strict ledger. A clean win comes without disqualification, interference or cheating. Anything less can be called a win that "wasn't clean".
- 26In video games, usually clean up: to deal with or finish off whatever remains, such as the last enemies or objectives.
Once the tank went down, our healer hung back to clean up the stragglers while the rest of us pushed ahead.
I spent the weekend cleaning up the leftover collectibles so I could finally reach one hundred percent completion.
UsageMost often clean up: clean up the stragglers, clean up the last few goblins.
Note
Gamers drop the particle. To clean an area means to clean it up, finishing off whatever is left once the main threat is handled. The object is usually what remains, such as mobs, spawns or leftover enemies.
- 27Free of hidden listening or recording devices and of enemy spies.
Technicians swept the embassy and declared the suite clean.
She refused to talk until the car was confirmed clean.
Similarsecure
Oppositebugged
Note
Security work uses the word for a space that has been checked and found free of bugs or watchers. Rooms are swept, and a swept room is clean. In Gayle Rivers's The Killing House (1988), a room is vouched for as clean, "As a whistle," with the warning that a bug can still be planted between sweeps. It extends to procedures too, so a team can be clean on OPSEC.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 3 facts
- Gayle Rivers wrote The Killing House. openlibrary.org
- The quoted reply is "As a whistle." The word "clean" occurs in the preceding question. en.wiktionary.org
- The passage warns that a bug can be planted between sweeps. en.wiktionary.org
- 28In metal music, clearly sung vocals, contrasted with death growls and screams.
Their singer layers melodic cleans over the band's brutal riffs.
Their early records were pure growling, but the new songs lean heavily on cleans, which some longtime fans find too soft.
Note
Metal fans and critics have turned the adjective into a plural noun. Cleans are clearly sung vocals, set against growls and screams. A singer delivers "searing screams and hauntingly melodic cleans," and reviewers measure them, as when a band lets "a small amount of cleans" into its recent output. Clean vocals is the fuller phrase it stands for.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- The quoted description of a singer's screams and cleans is authentic; Wiktionary attributes it to Jay Shields's review in Elite Online Mag. en.wiktionary.org
- The quoted reference to a small amount of cleans appearing in a band's recent output is authentic; Wiktionary attributes it to Jake Richardson's Loudwire article. en.wiktionary.org
- 29Of an aircraft, with landing gear and flaps retracted and nothing protruding, so air flows smoothly over it.
The pilot kept the aircraft clean during the climb, waiting until final approach to extend the flaps and gear.
A clean wing produces far less drag at cruising speed.
Oppositedirty
Note
Aerodynamicists use it for a shape the air can pass over without catching. Such a shape has no external racks, no lowered landing gear and nothing protruding into the flow. A clean airframe or wing keeps its surfaces unbroken. Pilots use it for one configuration in particular: an aircraft flying with its landing gear and flaps raised is clean.
Checked 30 Oct 2026 · 3 facts
- Aerodynamic cleanliness involves removing protrusions and smoothing irregularities that cause drag. nasa.gov
- A clean aerodynamic surface is free of gaps and adjacent protrusions. ntrs.nasa.gov
- An aircraft's clean flight configuration has its landing gear and flaps retracted. public-inspection.federalregister.gov
- 30Of a climb, completed from bottom to top without any falls.
- 31Having no flaws, and nothing in it that is unneeded or harmful.
- 32To take out the protective gear left on a route after a lead climber has gone up it.
- 33To sweep gently ahead of a sliding stone to clear away bits of debris so it stays on its proper path, using lighter strokes than a full sweep.
- 34To touch up a scanned comic page, removing flaws left by the scanner such as a brownish tint or weak color contrast.
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origin
Old English clǣne, meaning "clean" or "pure," became Middle English clene. It goes back further to Proto-West Germanic *klainī, which meant "fine, small, dainty" or "clean," and perhaps to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to gleam." Relatives include Dutch and German klein ("small") and Swedish klen ("weak, delicate").
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 6 facts
- Old English clǣne meant 'clean' or 'pure' and developed into Middle English clene. en.wiktionary.org
- The word descends from reconstructed Proto-West Germanic *klainī. en.wiktionary.org
- A proposed further origin is a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to gleam'. en.wiktionary.org
- Dutch klein and German klein are relatives of clean and mean 'small'. en.wiktionary.org
- Swedish klen is related to clean. en.wiktionary.org
- Swedish klen means 'weak, delicate'. folkets-lexikon.csc.kth.se