shy
Pluralshies
- 1Nervous, reserved, or easily embarrassed in the company of others; reluctant to draw attention to oneself or to reveal one's feelings or views.
She remained shy at gatherings, rarely speaking unless spoken to.
The new intern was shy with senior colleagues for weeks.
UsageOften shy with people, or too shy to + verb: shy with strangers, too shy to speak.
Similartimid, bashful, reserved, retiring, diffident
Oppositeoutgoing, confident, bold, extroverted
Note
John Arbuthnot's "What makes you so shy of late, my good Friend?" (1712) is said to a friend who has grown distant, which shows coolness rather than fright. Its opposites are outgoing, forward and gregarious. Those words place it in social life, not in danger.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- The quotation is from John Arbuthnot's writing; Hocus speaks it to John Bull. gutenberg.org
- The work containing the quotation was first published in 1712. openlibrary.org
- The quotation concerns a formerly familiar associate becoming distant, supporting the interpretation of reserve or coolness. gutenberg.org
- 2Easily frightened or alarmed; naturally timid.
The shy deer bolted the moment it caught our scent.
Our rescue dog is still shy and flinches at any sudden noise.
UsageThe comparative is spelled shyer or shier, and the superlative shyest or shiest.
Similartimid, skittish, nervous, fearful, timorous
Oppositeconfident, brave, bold, fearless
Note
Animals can be shy in this way as readily as people. Jonathan Swift's horses in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World (1726) "were no longer shy" once led daily before the narrator.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- Jonathan Swift wrote Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, first published in 1726. en.wikipedia.org
- The narrator describes horses becoming 'no longer shy' after being led before him daily. gutenberg.org
- 3
- 4Short of a full amount; less than what is needed or expected.
The donation came in a few thousand dollars shy of the goal.
She was just shy of her twenty-first birthday.
UsageAn amount can come before shy of: three dollars shy of the price. Just shy of means almost.
Similarshort
Note
It belongs to casual speech and sports journalism. Leonardo DiCaprio's Jordan Belfort says it in the film The Wolf of Wall Street (2013), and BBC Sport writes it in 2018.
- 5Cautious or wary; inclined to distrust or suspicion.
Lenders remain shy of borrowers with poor credit histories.
The cat was shy of anyone holding a broom.
UsageFollowed by of, often with an -ing form: shy of risky deals, shy of using something.
Similarwary, cautious, leery, chary, suspicious
Oppositetrusting
Note
In Samuel Butler's Hudibras, the hero "was very shy of using" his wit. Robert Boyle in 1661 was "very shy of building" on unsure foundations. Keep it apart from the "short of" meaning: shy of using something is reluctance, while two shy of a total is a shortfall.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- Samuel Butler wrote Hudibras, whose hero is described as "was very shy of using" his wit. gutenberg.org
- Robert Boyle wrote "very shy of building" about foundations he considered unsure. en.wiktionary.org
- The Boyle work containing the quotation was first published in 1661. aip.org
Less common meanings
- 6To start or leap backward suddenly out of fear, as a startled horse.
The mare shied violently at the rattle of the gate.
Deer shy at the slightest unfamiliar sound.
UsageUsually shy at whatever startles: the mare shied at the gate. Forms: shies, shied.
Similarstartle, start (entry)
- 7A sudden movement sideways, especially one made by a startled horse.
The mare's shy at the rustling bushes unseated her rider.
The horse gave a sudden shy when a plastic bag blew past, and the rider nearly fell.
Similarstart (entry), swerve, jump, lurch
- 8To throw something sideways with a sudden jerk; to fling.
She shied a pebble at the old tin can.
The children would shy apple cores into the ditch.
UsageUsually shy something at a target: shied a pebble at the can.
Similarthrow, fling, hurl, toss, chuck
Oppositecatch
Note
In Thomas Hughes's Tom Brown's School Days (1857), a bully picks up a slipper and "shied it at the kneeling boy." Wilkie Collins's narrator longs to shy the Diamond into the quicksand. The throw is quick and impulsive, of whatever is to hand, not a measured pitch.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Thomas Hughes wrote Tom Brown's School Days. gutenberg.org
- Tom Brown's School Days was first published in 1857. kodomo.go.jp
- A bully picks up a slipper and throws it at the kneeling boy; the quoted wording is exact. gutenberg.org
- A narrator in Wilkie Collins's The Moonstone expresses a wish to throw the Diamond into the quicksand. gutenberg.org
- 9An act of throwing something; a toss or fling.
She had a shy at the target and just missed the center.
His first shy sent the ball clean over the fence.
UsageBest known in have a shy at something; take a shy at also occurs.
Similarthrow, toss, fling, shot
Note
Punch in 1846 says that Lord Brougham, stone in hand, "must, it seems, have a shy at somebody." The target can be literal: in Thackeray's Pendennis, a nervous admirer makes "a feeble shy with a rose." The phrase suggests a quick, hopeful attempt rather than careful aim.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- Punch used the Brougham example in 1846. en.wiktionary.org
- In Thackeray's Pendennis, a nervous admirer throws a rose, described as “a feeble shy with a rose”. gutenberg.org
- 10A mocking or scornful remark; a taunt or jeer.
Note
An archaic sense close to the throwing ones: a gibe is a remark flung at someone, much as the act of throwing aims a stone. In modern prose it sounds old-fashioned, and readers may take it as a literal throw. It is safest in historical writing or deliberate pastiche.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Shy has an archaic noun sense meaning a gibe or sneer. en.wiktionary.org
- 11
- 12To throw a ball with both hands held above the head, especially when it has gone over the sidelines in a soccer match.
- 13A restart in soccer made by throwing the ball back onto the field with both hands held above the head.
- 14To return the ball to play from the sidelines in shinty by tossing it overhead and striking it with the stick.
- 15In shinty, the move of tossing the ball overhead and striking it with the stick to return it to play after it has left the field.
- 16In the Eton College wall game, a point scored by lifting the ball against the wall in the scoring area called the calx.
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Practice
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Origin
From Middle English shy, from Old English sċēoh ("shy"), going back through Proto-West Germanic and Proto-Germanic words meaning "shy, fearful." It is related to Dutch schuw, German scheu, and Danish sky, all meaning "shy."
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- English shy descends from Middle English shy and Old English sċēoh, meaning shy. en.wiktionary.org
- The ancestry continues through Proto-West Germanic and Proto-Germanic forms meaning shy or fearful. en.wiktionary.org
- Dutch schuw, German scheu and Danish sky are related words meaning shy. en.wiktionary.org