through
Pluralthroughs
- 1Into one side and out of the other side of a place, opening, passage or obstacle.
The tunnel runs through the mountain.
Light passed through the thin curtain.
UsageDo not confuse through with threw (from throw) or thorough (careful and complete).
Note
The image the rest of the word builds on: in at one side, out at the other. Towns, legs and forests all take it, and the verb usually supplies the motion: drive, go, run. A doorway, window or gap takes it in just the same way: you walk through the door.
- 2By means of; by way of a person, method or medium.
She built the business through careful saving.
Most infections spread through contact.
UsageOften names a route or helper: through an ad, through a friend, through hard work.
Note
Means pictured as a route: success is reached through hard work the way a place is reached through a gate. Sports reporting has a compact idiom with it that names the scorer: the home side were ahead in the eighth minute through Oxlade-Chamberlain. When the noun after it is a reason rather than an instrument, as in failed through lack of investment, it belongs to the cause sense.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 1 fact
- Oxlade-Chamberlain put the home side ahead in the eighth minute, as described in the football example. en.wiktionary.org
- 3So as to move or progress within something toward its end, or partway along it, as in 'halfway through the film'.
I scrolled through hundreds of listings before finding an apartment I actually liked.
She's plowing through a stack of essays.
UsageCommon with look, scroll and work your way: look through old photos; also halfway through.
- 4To and including, with everything in between; until the end of.
Sizes six through twelve are on the lower shelf.
The sale runs through the end of the month.
UsageIncludes the last item: Monday through Friday, chapters one through four. Elsewhere Monday to Friday is usual.
Note
A North American way of closing a range so that the last item is plainly included: 1945 through 1991, the numbers 1 through 9. With a single date it means up to the end of that point: membership active through March 15, patent requests through 2016.
- 5Amid or surrounded by something while moving.
They fought their way through the undergrowth.
A whale glided through the dark water.
UsageOften with effort verbs: push your way through, wade through, slog through.
Note
The mover is surrounded the whole way, and the verb tells you how hard the going is: slog through mud, wade through paperwork, walk through crowds. Nothing has to be exited or broken past; the point is the medium pressing round. Figurative uses keep the effort, so wading through paperwork describes a day's drudgery, not a crossing.
- 6Used after verbs such as be, go and live to show that someone experiences or endures something, especially something hard or painful.
She is going through a painful divorce and leans on her friends.
After everything the family had been through that year, they finally had a quiet Thanksgiving.
UsageMostly go through or live through: been through a lot. Go through with means doing something planned.
- 7For the whole duration of a stretch of time, from beginning to end.
The shop stays open through the winter.
He dozed through the second act.
UsageCommon with sleep, work and sit: slept through the night, sat through the meeting.
Similarthroughout, during
Note
Time treated as a stretch to be crossed from start to finish, as when someone works through the night. With sit, the phrase adds endurance: sitting through a meeting you would rather have missed. Keep it apart from the North American range sense, Monday through Friday, which marks the included end point of a series rather than the whole length of one period.
- 8As a result of; owing to.
The match was abandoned through bad light.
She missed the exam through no fault of her own.
UsageCommon in through no fault of your own and through lack of something.
- 9Across the whole extent of; in every part of.
Small coffee shops are scattered through the old part of town.
The same theme runs all through her novels.
UsageOften all through: all through the car; throughout can usually replace it.
Similarthroughout
Note
Here the word describes spread rather than a journey: nothing enters and leaves, and something is simply present everywhere inside something else. Kitchen instructions use it for mixing, as in work the eggs and sugar through, where the aim is even distribution. Contrast passing in and out, which needs a way in and a way out.
- 10From beginning to end, or from where you are to the end.
Read the instructions through before you start.
It's a long course, but I mean to see it through.
UsageSet phrase see it through. It can follow a time phrase: the whole night through.
Similarthoroughly
Note
This sense carries a task or a stretch of time to its end: she read the letter through, he worked straight through.
- 11So as to overcome an obstacle or barrier and pass beyond it.
Snow blocked the pass for a week before the plows got through.
Their defense held, and nobody broke through.
UsageMostly with get, break or push: cars can't get through.
Less common meanings
- 12
- 13So as to pass one stage of a process and reach the next.
The planning application went through without objection.
The council voted the new bike lanes through despite protests from shop owners.
UsageOften go through or be voted through: the bill went through.
- 14From one side of something to the other, passing through its inside or an opening.
The bullet passed clean through.
We didn't stop in the town, just drove through.
- 15All the way across or into something.
Bake until the loaf is cooked through.
By the time I reached the bus stop, my coat was wet through.
UsageAfter words like cooked, wet and soaked: cooked through, wet through.
Similarthoroughly
- 16So as to make a connection or reach someone, especially by telephone, mostly after 'get' or 'put'.
Hold the line, I'm putting you through.
The signal is weak up here, so texts don't always get through.
UsageWith get or put: get through to someone, put a caller through.
Note
The telephone is its natural setting, as when you ring the bank all day and finally get through. The obstacle overcome is whatever stood between caller and answer.
- 17With a measure of progress, partway along a task or activity toward its end.
By lunchtime we were about a third through.
She's more than halfway through with the translation.
UsageUsually after a fraction: halfway through, a quarter of the way through.
- 18Used after verbs like 'go' and 'get' to show that something is consumed or used up.
The team got through a case of water at halftime.
I go through a notebook every month.
Note
Consumption pictured as a journey from full to empty. Speakers often use it to remark on the speed, which is why already and in six months sit so naturally beside it.
- 19Going from origin to destination without a change of vehicle.
There's no through service on Sundays, so you change at York.
There is no through service on Sundays, so passengers have to change at the junction.
UsageBefore the noun: a through train, a through flight.
Note
Railway English at heart: a 1940 article recalls a Paddington train once billed as Through Train via Severn Tunnel. Don't let the repetition in the through flight through Memphis confuse you: the second word is the preposition, naming the stop, while the first promises you stay aboard.
Checked 3 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- A November 1940 article, “Notes and News: The First Corridor Train,” in Railway Magazine, page 618, recalls a Paddington service described as “Through Train via Severn Tunnel.” en.wiktionary.org
- 20Extending right across something so as to come out on the far side.
A through hole goes all the way, unlike a blind one.
The house has a through passage from front door to garden.
Oppositeblind
Note
A builder's and engineer's adjective, used before the noun. A through bolt passes right across the timber it fixes, and through roads run on instead of ending. The traveler's through train belongs to the no-change journey sense.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- A through bolt passes completely through the timber it fastens. museum.wa.gov.au
- 21Done for; finished, with no future in a role or a place.
When the votes came in, everyone knew the senator was through.
Don't count him out, he's not through yet.
UsageOften you're through as a threat, or I'm not through yet as defiance.
Note
The person, not the task, is finished here: done for in a role, with no way back. A phrase such as as an executive often names what has been lost. The defiant negative has the ring of a stock line, I'm not through yet!, shouted by someone who refuses to be counted out.
- 22Usually with 'to', having qualified for the next stage after winning a match or passing an exam.
Three candidates are through to the final interview.
If they draw, they're through on goal difference.
Similarqualified
Oppositeout
Note
The language of qualifying in British, Irish and Commonwealth English, and seldom heard in Canada: a team is through to the final, a candidate through to the next round. Without to, a listener may hear the "finished" meaning instead, so naming the destination is what keeps the sense clear.
- 23A stone coffin or tomb; also a large slab laid on a tomb or across a dry-stone wall to bind it.
Note
A different word that merely shares the spelling. It comes from Old English þrūh, meaning trough, conduit, pipe, chest or coffin, and ultimately from a root meaning to bore or drill, probably first a hollowed-out piece of wood. The coffin and tomb uses are obsolete. Dry-stone wallers still speak of through stones, set from one face of a wall to the other, though whether that use belongs here or to the ordinary through is uncertain.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 2 facts
- The coffin noun has a separate origin from ordinary through and derives from Old English þrūh, with the listed meanings. en.wiktionary.org
- Its ultimate root means to bore or drill. en.wiktionary.org
- 24In soccer, in possession of the ball beyond the last line of defense, with at most the goalkeeper to beat.
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origins
This sense comes from Middle English "thrugh," a rearranged form of "thurgh," from Old English "þurh," and ultimately from Proto-Germanic "*þurhw" and a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to pass through." It is related to Dutch "door," German "durch," and Latin "trans" ("across, through").
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Through derives from Middle English thrugh, a metathesized form of thurgh, from Old English þurh. en.wiktionary.org
- Old English þurh derives from Proto-Germanic *þurhw and ultimately a Proto-Indo-European root meaning 'to pass through'. en.wiktionary.org
- Through is cognate with Dutch door and German durch. en.wiktionary.org
- Through is related to Latin trans, meaning 'across, through'. en.wiktionary.org
Proto-Indo-European had a root meaning "to rub, turn, drill, or bore," which led to Proto-Germanic *þrūhs ("excavated trunk, trough"). This became Old English þrūh, which could mean a trough, conduit, or pipe, a box or chest, or a coffin or tomb, and then Middle English thrugh.
Checked 1 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- A Proto-Indo-European root meaning “to rub, turn, drill, bore” gave rise to Proto-Germanic *þrūhs. en.wiktionary.org
- Proto-Germanic *þrūhs denoted hollowed wood or a trough. en.wiktionary.org
- Proto-Germanic *þrūhs became Old English þrūh, with the listed meanings. en.wiktionary.org
- Old English þrūh developed into Middle English thrugh. en.wiktionary.org