flame
Pluralflames
Pluralflames
- 1The glowing, visible part of a fire: a stream of burning gas that gives off light and heat.
The flame from the welding torch burned a brilliant blue.
Firefighters battled the flames late into the night.
UsageOften plural for a fire: the flames spread. A house is in flames, or things burst into flames.
- 2To produce flames; to burn with a visible blaze.
The dry brush flamed up the moment the ember touched it.
Spilled fuel can flame the instant it meets a spark.
UsageOften flame up for the moment fire catches: the dry brush flamed up.
Similarblaze, burn, flare, ignite
Note
Shakespeare's Coriolanus has "a small thing would make it flame again," said figuratively of civil unrest whose main blaze is past but not dead. The literal verb often takes up, as when dry brush flames up at a single spark.
- 3Intense zeal, passion, imagination, excitement, or anger that burns within a person.
The flame of revolution spread through the crowd.
Years later, the flame of ambition still drove him.
UsageUsually the flame of or a flame of a feeling: the flame of ambition, a flame of hope.
Similarfire, passion, spark, fervor, ardor
Oppositeapathy, indifference
Note
Milton writes "in a flame of zeal severe," and Pope describes flames that "glow" in seraphic breasts. Coleridge has a lover touched "with an equal flame," a use that shades toward the sweetheart meaning.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- Milton uses the quoted wording in Paradise Lost, Book V. en.wikisource.org
- Pope describes flames glowing in seraphic breasts in Eloisa to Abelard. en.wikisource.org
- Coleridge describes Julia receiving reciprocal romantic passion using the quoted wording. gutenberg.org
- 4A romantic partner in a passionate affair that usually does not last long.
An old flame of hers showed up unexpectedly at the wedding.
She still trades holiday cards with a college flame who lives overseas.
UsageUsually in an old flame, meaning a former boyfriend or girlfriend.
Similarlover, sweetheart, crush, love, beloved
Note
Thackeray already writes "her old flame" in 1844, just as speakers do now, and old does much of the work. It is the person-shaped counterpart of the passion meaning: the flame is no longer the feeling but the one who once kindled it.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- Thackeray uses the exact phrase her old flame in Barry Lyndon. gutenberg.org
- 5Having the vivid reddish orange-gold hue of a flame.
Along the road, the maple leaves turned flame and gold.
His flame scarf stood out against the gray coat.
Similarfiery
Less common meanings
- 6To post a destructively critical or abusive message attacking someone, typically online.
Commenters flamed the author mercilessly after the controversial post.
Trolls will flame anyone who disagrees with them.
UsageOften passive: someone gets flamed for what they posted.
Similarattack, slam, savage, blast, roast
Oppositepraise
Note
The verb was at home on Usenet early: Joe Ziegler's 1983 post to net.motss already speaks of "my flaming." The passive is common too: Jonathan Franzen's The Corrections (2001) has a man who "got flamed for his lies." Flaming is the activity, and the noun is the single message.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 3 facts
- Joe Ziegler used "my flaming" in a 1983 post to the Usenet newsgroup net.motss. groups.google.com
- Jonathan Franzen wrote The Corrections, whose first edition was published in 2001. catalog.freelibrary.org
- The Corrections contains the quoted wording in narration about a male character. en.wiktionary.org
- 7An aggressively insulting criticism or remark, especially one posted online.
Her review provoked a vicious flame from a loyal fan.
Flames are, unfortunately, a fact of USENET life. It's a rare USENET regular who hasn't been shaken to the foundations with anger at something some jerk has posted.
1995, Paul McFedries, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Usenet NewsgroupsSimilarinsult, tirade, rant, attack, diatribe
Note
In 1995 Paul McFedries could call flames "a fact of USENET life," and the word still carries the feel of the newsgroups. It names the message rather than the anger: one hostile post is a flame, and a run of them is flames.
Checked 2 Nov 2026 · 1 fact
- In 1995, Paul McFedries described flames as "a fact of USENET life" in The Complete Idiot's Guide to USENET Newsgroups. en.wiktionary.org
- 8To burst out suddenly, like fire, in violent passion or kindled zeal.
He felt jealousy flame inside him as he watched them dance together.
Her indignation flamed at the unfair accusation.
UsageUsually flame with a feeling, or the feeling flames up: he flamed with indignation.
Similarflare, blaze, erupt, burn
Note
Here the fire is figurative, and the usual construction is flame with: Macaulay writes "He flamed with indignation." Either the person or the feeling can be the subject (her indignation flamed). In both cases the verb stresses an outbreak rather than a slow burn. That is how it differs from the noun of lasting passion.
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 1 fact
- Macaulay wrote the quoted words “He flamed with indignation.” gutenberg.org
- 9A brilliant reddish orange-gold color resembling that of fire.
The autumn leaves blazed in shades of flame and gold.
She chose flame for the front door, a warm color between red and orange.
Note
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897) lists flame beside purple, pink, green and violet among the colors of a sunset sky. As a color word it often sits in lists like this one, or joins another color in compounds such as flame red.
- 10A cultivated variety of carnation grown as a garden flower.
Note
Gardeners once used it as a class name for one pattern of bloom. In 1717 Richard Bradley sorts carnations into picketees, painted ladies, beazarts, flakes and flames, the flames having a red ground always striped with black or very dark color. Peter Forbes's Poems (1812) still lists flecks, flames, bussards and picketees in Scots verse.
- 11The contrasting light and dark figure in wood prized for stringed instrument making, also called the curl.
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origins
From Middle English "flawme," a blend of Old French "flame" and "flambe." Both trace back to Latin "flamma" (and its diminutive "flammula"), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to shimmer, gleam, shine." It replaced the native Old English word "līeġ."
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 5 facts
- Flame derives from Middle English flawme, blending Old French flame and flambe. en.wiktionary.org
- Old French flame derives from Latin flamma. en.wiktionary.org
- The flambe branch derives through Latin flammula, a diminutive of flamma. en.wiktionary.org
- The ultimate Proto-Indo-European root means to shimmer, gleam, shine. en.wiktionary.org
- Flame displaced the native Old English word līeġ. en.wiktionary.org
From Middle English "flawmen," from Old French "flamber" or "flammer."
Checked 31 Oct 2026 · 2 facts
- The verb flame derives from Middle English flawmen. en.wiktionary.org
- Middle English flawmen derives from Old French flamber or flammer. en.wiktionary.org