office
Pluraloffices
Pluraloffices
Formsoffices, officing, officed
- 1A room, set of rooms, or building where people do administrative, clerical, or professional work.
The accountant's office was lined with filing cabinets and ledgers.
After the merger, the company moved its payroll staff into a larger office across town.
UsageWork in an office; for your own workplace, people say at the office or in the office.
- 2A position of authority or responsibility, especially a public or government post, or the time during which someone holds it.
She has held the office of secretary for two terms.
The bylaws describe the duties of each office in the association.
UsageWithout an article for power held: in office, take office, leave office; with one for a post: the office of mayor.
Note
The position outlasts whoever fills it. An office can stand vacant while its duties fall to another official, and an oath binds the holder to 'faithfully execute the Office of President'.
- 3A particular branch or location of a larger white-collar business or organization.
The firm's Tokyo office reported record profits last quarter.
Layoffs hit the regional offices harder than headquarters.
UsageOften named by its city: the Tokyo office, our London office.
Similarbranch
Note
Older English used the word for a whole establishment offering a service. W. Bridge, in a sermon preached in 1646, speaks of an 'Insuring-Office', Benjamin Franklin in 1732 proposes 'an Office of Insurance for Servants', and Jane Austen's Emma mentions 'advertising offices'.
- 4A department of a business, government, or other organization, thought of as a unit; in Britain, also the name of some government ministries, such as the Home Office.
The admissions office reviews every application twice.
Her complaint worked its way through three different offices before anyone responded.
UsageUsually a word for the work comes first: the admissions office, the records office; a ministry's name takes capitals, as in the Home Office.
- 5A room or building where tickets or services are sold to the public.
Lines formed outside the office an hour before the ferry tickets went on sale.
Residents can pay their water bills at the office on Main Street.
UsageUsually a word for what is sold comes first: ticket office; also box office at a theater.
Note
Compounds that name what is sold carry this sense. Keats, in a letter of 1819 to Reynolds, jokes that the family of the blue-devils, or low spirits, will be waiting for his friend 'at the coach-office', the place where travel on the coach was arranged.
- 6A room or suite where a physician sees patients for consultation and diagnosis, rather than for surgery or other major procedures.
She visited her dermatologist's office for a routine skin check.
Minor procedures can be done in the office, but major operations happen at the hospital.
UsageUsually the doctor's office or the dentist's office, after at or in.
- 7
Less common meanings
- 8A duty, charge, or role that belongs to someone because of their position or station.
The committee chair reminded everyone that it was not her office to settle personal quarrels between members.
He performed the office of host with quiet grace, refilling glasses and steering conversation.
UsageUsually the office of + a role (perform the office of host), or it is not someone's office to + verb.
Similarrole, duty, task, responsibility
Note
Angelo in Shakespeare's Measure for Measure orders 'Doe you your office, or giue vp your Place'. Milton gives the evening star the office of bringing twilight, and Jane Austen writes of 'the offices of a nurse'. The wider use for plain moral duty, with no station attached, is obsolete and rare.
- 9To provide a person or group with office space in which to work.
The startup offices its engineers in a converted warehouse downtown.
We can office the visiting consultants next to the design team.
UsageOften passive, with in: engineers officed in a converted warehouse.
Similarhouse, accommodate
Note
'Is he officed in Congressional Relations or is he officed in SCA?' asks a United States Senate hearing of 1966.
- 10To have or work out of an office, especially in a particular place.
The firm's partners office on the top two floors of the tower.
He offices in Dallas but flies to Houston weekly.
UsageUsually with a place or together: he offices in Dallas, they office together.
Similarwork
Note
The intransitive twin of the verb for assigning office space: here the subject simply has an office somewhere, and nobody does the assigning. The Chicago Reader in 1988 reports one man's assumption that two brothers 'officed together'.
- 11A helpful act performed for someone; a kindness or service rendered.
The dispute was finally settled through the good offices of a mutual friend.
The peace talks began only through the good offices of a neutral country that both sides trusted.
UsageAlmost always good offices, often in through the good offices of someone.
Similarfavor, service, kindness
Note
The phrase once had a darker twin, too. Elizabeth I complains in a letter of 1575 of the "evell offices" a secretary had done, a service that harmed rather than helped.
- 12A form of Christian worship set by a church, especially the daily prayers said at fixed hours or a service for a particular occasion, such as the Office for the Dead.
The new hymnal includes the full office for evening worship.
Reformers argued that the office should be conducted in the language of the people.
UsagePeople say or pray the office; a named one is often capitalized: the Office for the Dead.
Note
Here the word names an approved order of worship itself, from the prayers of the breviary said at each canonical hour to a liturgy for one occasion. In Anglican usage, Morning and Evening Prayer in the Book of Common Prayer are offices in this sense, so one can say an office as well as attend it.
- 13The final rites and duties carried out for a person who is dying or has died, such as washing or anointing the body.
Her sisters performed the last office themselves, anointing the body before the funeral.
No one was left in the plague-struck town to perform the last offices for the dead.
UsageUsually the last offices, after perform: perform the last offices for the dead.
Note
S. Rowlands's Sacred Memorie (1618) writes of 'this last office done To a dead friend', and Walter Scott's The Fortunes of Nigel (1822) of 'the decent offices due to the dead'. Mourners perform them as well as priests: the 1582 New Testament counts balming and anointing the body among them.
- 14A ceremonial duty, act, or service performed on a formal or religious occasion.
The herald discharged his office with great solemnity at the coronation.
In the old ceremony, the office of crowning the new king fell to the senior bishop, who also anointed him with oil.
Note
The ceremonial branch goes straight back to Latin officium, which already held duty, official position, function and ceremony together; English took it through Old French with all of them aboard. Here the duty is a performed one, carried out as part of a rite. Myles Coverdale's Bible of 1535 speaks of vessels 'of euery offyce', each set apart for its own task in worship.
- 15The parts of a house or estate given over to work and storage, such as the kitchen, scullery, laundry, and stables; in dated euphemistic use, its lavatories or outhouses.
The advertisement for the house promised four bedrooms and the usual offices.
The bathroom's to the right and the usual offices next to it.
1957, John Braine, Room at TopNote
The working side of a house hid behind this dated plural. Conan Doyle's A Study in Scarlet (1887) has a bare passage leading 'to the kitchen and offices', and house advertisements long promised 'the usual offices'. The lavatory meaning was a euphemism. The Grand Mystery (1726) carries proposals for 'Publick Offices of Ease' in London and Westminster.
Checked 5 Nov 2026 · 6 facts
- The dated plural denoted household work areas. en.wiktionary.org
- Conan Doyle wrote A Study in Scarlet, first published in 1887. en.wikipedia.org
- The novel contains the quoted passage description. gutenberg.org
- House advertisements used 'the usual offices'. wychwoodshistory.uk
- The Grand Mystery was published in 1726. huntington.org
- The work contains proposals using the quoted expression for facilities in London and Westminster. en.wiktionary.org
- 16The function of something; whatever a thing typically does or is expected to do.
In this experiment the several intervals of the teeth of the comb do the office of so many prisms.
1704, I[saac] N[ewton], OpticksThese ‘Pacific boom-lateens’... are believed to derive from a kind of sprit-sail... in which the upper sprit performs the office of a more or less aft-raking mast.
1971, John Needham, Science and Civilisation in ChinaUsageUsually in do the office of or perform the office of; elsewhere function is the usual word.
Similarfunction
Note
Newton's Opticks (1704) has the gaps between a comb's teeth 'do the office of so many prisms', and Austen's let-down gown is 'not doing its office'. It sounds archaic now, though scholarly prose keeps it: Needham's Science and Civilisation in China (1971) has a sprit performing 'the office of' a mast.
- 17Inside information; a private tip or warning passed quietly from one person to another.
Giving the office—is when you suffer any person, who may stand behind your chair, to look over your hand.
1803, Sporting Magazine, number 21UsageUsually in give (someone) the office.
Note
Card-table slang gives the clearest picture: the Sporting Magazine of 1803 describes 'giving the office' as letting someone behind your chair look over your hand.
- 18A person holding office, or a body of such people; also, figuratively, officeholders spoken of as a single person.
Ped. Now Mr. Office: What is the Reason that your vigilant Greatness And your Wife's wonderful wiseness have lock'd up from me The way to see my Mistress? Who's Dog's dead now, That you observe these Vigils?
Can we date this quote?, Francis Beaumont, John FletcherNote
Hamlet's "the insolence of office" keeps this sense alive in memory. There the word stands for officeholders collectively, and for the arrogance that goes with them. The play A Very Woman goes further and addresses a functionary as "Mr. Office". The sense is obsolete, so a modern writer would say officialdom and keep this use for echoes of Shakespeare.
Checked 5 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Hamlet says 'the insolence of office' in Shakespeare's play. en.wikisource.org
- Office in this passage collectively denotes officeholders, whose insolence Hamlet condemns. en.wikisource.org
- A Very Woman contains an address using the words 'Mr. Office'. en.wiktionary.org
- The person addressed in A Very Woman is a functionary. en.wikipedia.org
- 19The cockpit of a plane, particularly the cockpit occupied by an observer.
Rain hammered the canopy as he settled into the office for the night patrol.
I withdraw into ‘the office’, otherwise the observer's cockpit.
1917, Alan Bott, An Airman's OutingsSimilarcockpit
Note
Royal Air Force men called the cockpit their office, a dry joke about where the work got done. Alan Bott's An Airman's Outings (1917) withdraws into 'the office', meaning the observer's cockpit. Life in 1941 lists it beside 'pulpit' for the cockpit and 'greenhouse' for its glass cover. It is dated now and usually comes with the definite article: the office.
Checked 5 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- Royal Air Force men called the cockpit their office. en.wiktionary.org
- Alan Bott wrote An Airman's Outings, first published in 1917. openlibrary.org
- Bott uses ‘the office’ for the observer's cockpit. en.wiktionary.org
- Life in 1941 lists ‘pulpit’ and ‘office’ for the cockpit and ‘greenhouse’ for its glass covering; the citation is dated 24 March 1941, page 85. en.wiktionary.org
- 20A place where someone is habitually found; a usual haunt or hangout.
The old sailor's office was the bench nearest the harbor wall.
His Office, any Man's ordinary Haunt, or Plying-place, be it Tavern, Ale-house, Gaming-house.
1699, A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting CrewNote
The canting crew of the 1690s used the word for a man's regular haunt. A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew (1699) explains 'his Office' as his ordinary 'Plying-place, be it Tavern, Ale-house, Gaming-house.' The joke is that the tavern is where he works. It is obsolete, and it came with a possessive: his office.
Checked 5 Nov 2026 · 4 facts
- The haunt sense is documented in a canting dictionary of the 1690s. leme.library.utoronto.ca
- The dictionary defines 'his Office' using the quoted wording. leme.library.utoronto.ca
- The haunt sense is obsolete. en.wiktionary.org
- The historical example uses a possessive: 'his office'. leme.library.utoronto.ca
- 21Business software for desk work, such as a word processor, spreadsheet program and slideshow software; used before a noun, as in office suite.
- 22Short for Holy Office.
- 23Clipping of inquest of office.
If the Crown claimed the land of an idiot, the person had first to be found an idiot by office.
1977, John McDonald Burke, Jowitt's Dictionary of English Law - 24The Eucharist service, especially its opening chant, known as the introit.
The office, or Introite, (as they call it).
1549, “Svpper of the Lorde”, in The Book of Common Prayer - 25Hunting ground, or the territory a gamekeeper is in charge of.
All hunt in James Whitendales office.
1617, Nicholas Assheton, Journal - 26A natural function of the body, especially passing urine or emptying the bowels, or a single act of this.
Washing themselves, as they doe also after the offices of Nature.
1613, Samuel Purchas, Purchas - 27The act of doing what you are bound to do, or a single such act.
Showing meanings only.
Practice
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Origin
It comes from Latin officium, meaning a personal or official duty, position, or function, which passed into English through Old French office and Middle English office. The Latin word was contracted from opificium ("the act of building"), from opifex ("doer of work, craftsman"), built from op- ("work") and a form of faciō ("to do, to make"). The computing sense generalizes proprietary program suites such as Microsoft Office.
Checked 5 Nov 2026 · 8 facts
- English office comes through Middle English and Old French from Latin officium. en.wiktionary.org
- Latin officium means personal or official duty, position, or function. en.wiktionary.org
- Officium is a contraction of opificium. en.wiktionary.org
- Opificium can mean the act of building. en.wiktionary.org
- Opificium derives from opifex. en.wiktionary.org
- Opifex means a worker or craftsman. en.wiktionary.org
- Opifex combines op- with a combining form of faciō, meaning to do or make. en.wiktionary.org
- The computing sense arose by genericization of proprietary suite names such as Microsoft Office. en.wiktionary.org